Contributions of functionalist approaches Essay Example

Commitments of functionalist approaches Essay Example Commitments of functionalist approaches Essay Commitments of functionalist approaches Essay Presentation The 1980s saw the introduction of a figure of assaults to Translation Studies ( TS from now on ) mutually named functionalist, which achieved a worldview removal in the framework. This article inspects the qualities and failings each piece great as the pieces of these functionalist assaults to the field of TS. Basically, the paper begins with a short recorded outline of the assaults to interlingual interpretation before the happening to functionalist assaults. At that point it talks about the significant functionalist assaults, foregrounding their significant predications and the troublesome decisions against them, which will so be trailed by a general summarize of the different pieces of the various strands of functionalism. Interpretation STUDIES BEFORE FUNCTIONALISM Over the mature ages, bookmans have moved toward the subject of Translation Studies from grouped points for the most part contingent upon the predominant teaching of the clasp as well as verifiable in builds of the idea of interlingual interpretation and how the deciphered content will be utilized ( Schaeffner 2001: c5 ) . In any case, one situation that has beaten the hundreds of years is the assurance on the best strategy for deciphering a book. This scrape of the best technique for interpreting is an old fashioned 1. Jerome ( 395/2004: 24 ) communicates this scrape subsequently: It is hard, when following the lines of another, non to overshoot somewhere and backbreaking, when something is acceptable placed in another semantic correspondence, to proceed with this equivalent magnificence in interlingual interpretation on the off chance that I decipher word by word, it sounds ridiculous ; it due to legitimate need I modify something in the request or articulation, I will hope to hold surrendered the endeavor of a transcriber. Nonetheless, Jerome thus numerous other transcriber of his clasp plug up non deciphering word by word. He cites Cicero as identifying that in his interlingual interpretation of Plato s Protagoras and Xenophone s Oeconomicus, that he kept their implications however with their signifiers their figures, so to talk in words adjusted to our speech ( 395/2004: 23 ) . He includes that with the exception of the occasion of Sacred Scriptures, where the truly request of the words is a conundrum I render non in exactly the same words, yet sense for sense ( 395/2004: 25 ) so as non to sound crazy in the imprint semantic correspondence. These bookmans, including others like Nicolas Perrot DAblancourt ( 1640/2004 ) , Martin Luther ( 1530 ) and John Dryden ( 1680/2004 ) , may non be viewed as interlingual interpretations bookmans as such since they all had their few professions and interlingual version was what they did in the passing. In any case, their positions and comments shaped the bedrock on which the field of interlingual interpretation surveies was to be fabricated. Semantic based assaults The announcement over word by word or sense for sense interlingual interpretation beat the hundreds of years up till the twentieth century when Jakobson ( 1959/2004 ) presented the term identicalness in the writing and Nida ( 1964/2004 ) extends it by isolating among formal and dynamic equity. While formal equity purposes at fiting the message in the receptor semantic correspondence each piece intently as conceivable to the various components at the outset phonetic correspondence, including the signifier and substance, dynamic equity focuses on complete instinctive nature of look, and endeavors to relate the receptor to habits of conduct significant inside the setting of his ain human progress ( Nida 1964/2004: 156 ) . Orchestrating to Nida, the expectations of the transcriber to a major degree decide if the transcriber should take at formal correspondence or dynamic uniformity. One sees that these bookmans are worried about the correspondence between the imprint phonetic correspondence and the starting semantic correspondence and these assaults were along these lines together called etymological assaults to interlingual version. Fitting to Saldanha ( 2009: 148 ) , the term lingual assaults to interlingual version surveies is utilized to make reference to hypothetical records that speak to interlingual interpretation and additionally understanding as a ( mainly ) lingual system and are consequently educated essentially by lingual hypothesis . Interpretation surveies was subsumed under applied semantics and hence concentrated with techniques created in phonetics ( Schaeffner 2001: 6 ) . Different bookmans that added to explore in this nation are Catford ( 1965 ) and House ( 1977/1981 ) . Interpretation was viewed as a transportation of data starting with one phonetic correspondence then onto the next, as an action that influences just the two semantic interch anges included. Therefore bookmans were worried about requesting techniques for deciphering from one phonetic correspondence to the next so as to recreate in the imprint semantic correspondence a message that is commensurate to that of the starting content. One such remedy was Vinay and Dabelnet s ( 1958/2994 ) seven strategies or processs for interlingual interpretation: appropriation, advance interpretation, real interlingual version, heterotaxy, change, uniformity and rendition. The initial three they call direct interlingual interpretations as they include permuting the starting semantic correspondence message segment by part, while the last four they call diagonal since they include an upsetting of the syntactic request of the starting phonetic correspondence. One significant deformity of lingual assaults is that they do non take consciousness of the piece of the setting in which a look is utilized to the dread of the entire message or text. Schaeffner ( 2001: 8 9 ) sees that Surveies directed inside a semantic based assault to interlingual version focused on the methodical dealingss between units of the etymological correspondence frameworks, yet regularly disconnected from features of their logical utilization. A picked TL-structure may great be correct orchestrating to the guidelines of the etymological correspondence framework, yet this does non needfully mean that the content in general reasonably satisfies its open guide in the TL situation and human progress. Chipping away at the interlingual version of the Bible, Nida s separation among formal and dynamic equity presented aspects of sociolinguistics and progress into interlingual interpretation surveies. He says that any treatment of uniformity, regardless of whether formal or dynamic, must see sorts of relatedness controlled by the lingual and social separation between the codifications used to pass on the message ( 1964/2004: 157 ) . He announces that a characteristic interlingual interpretation or dynamic uniformity includes two boss nations of adaptation, viz. , language and jargon ( 2004: 163 ) . Be that as it may, his hypothesis has been condemned for being confined in application and range as it seems, by all accounts, to be implied predominantly for Bible interlingual interpretations and to focus on only lexical and syntactic correspondence. A couple of mature ages in this manner, Koller ( 1979: 215f ) proposes five arrangement of the build of uniformity viz. : textralinguistic r ealities/condition of individual businesss ( denotive uniformity ) ; signifier of verbalization, including intensions, way and ( obvious balance ) ; text standards and phonetic correspondence standards ( text-regulating balance ) ; TL-text crowd ( matter-of-truth equity ) ; and explicit tasteful, formal, trademark attributes of text ( formal-stylish fairness ) ( cited in Schaeffner 2001: 9 ) This unreasonably gets a clump of troublesome decisions which apparently illuminate its reappraisal by the author over the mature ages. Pym ( 1997: 1 ) sees that four releases of Koller s book Einfuhrung in dice Ubersetzungswissenschaft ( Introduction to Translation Studies/Science ) has been distributed as at 1995, with an article summing up the main focuses glancing in English in Target. Without a doubt the build of uniformity was ( and still is ) incredibly dubious even to this twenty-four hours. Textlinguistic assaults In response to the obvious rather limited lingual scope of these assaults, a few bookmans so contend for a book etymological or matter-of-certainty assault to interlingual version, whereby the entire content is viewed as the unit of noteworthiness and interlingual interpretation, as against the jargon and syntax which was the point of convergence of lingual assaults. Katharina Reiss s ( 1971/2004 ) text-typology is fundamental in such manner, being about the first to introduce into TS a thought of the open aim of interlingual version ( Munday 2008: 74 ) . Blending to Reiss, the open guide of a book in its starting development decides its guide in the imprint human progress and how it will be interpreted. She arranges text-type into illuminating ( conveys content ) , expressive ( imparts imaginatively composed substance ) and employable ( imparts content with an influential character ) ( Reiss 1971/2004: 171 ) . In her position, a book that is pronounced instructive ought to be interp reted in such a way, that a similar substance first and foremost content is moved into the imprint text ; an expressive content ought to hold the imaginative and originative qualities of the starting content in the imprint text ; while a usable starting content ought to illuminate an imprint text with a comparative or reporter outcome on the imprint crowd. In condition of affairss where a book shows attributes of more than one content sort, the transcriber should worry about featuring the overruling text-type and back-establishing the rest of the interest so emerges. Reiss does a bunch to stress the significance of text-assortment or class in interlingual version surveies. She sees that type shows are human advancement explicit and the transcriber should see the separations in class shows across progress so as non to risk the practical correspondence of the TL text by gullibly follo

Jackie robinson 2 Essay Example For Students

Jackie robinson 2 Essay Robinson, Jackie (1919-72), American competitor and business official. He was conceived Jack Roosevelt Robinson in Cairo, Georgia. He went to Pasadena Junior College (presently Pasadena City College) in California and the University of California, Los Angeles. As an undergrad, Robinson exceeded expectations in football, ball, baseball, and track. He left school in 1941 in his lesser year and presently joined the U. S. Armed force. Released right off the bat in 1945 with the position of first lieutenant, Robinson marked an agreement to play proficient baseball with the Monarchs, a Kansas City, Missouri, group of the Negro American League. Later in 1945 Robinson marked with Branch Rickey, senior supervisor of the Brooklyn Dodgers, to play with the small time Royals in Montral. After one season with the Royals, Robinson joined the Brooklyn group and turned into the primary dark to play current significant alliance baseball. From 1947 to 1956, generally as a second baseman, Robinson batted . 311 out of 1382 games. He was likewise a challenging baserunner. In 1962 Robinson was chosen for the Baseball Hall of Fame, the main dark player so respected. Subsequent to leaving baseball, Robinson was VP of an eatery network in New York City. From 1964 to 1968 he filled in as extraordinary aide for social liberties to Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York. Robinson featured in the film The Jackie Robinson Story (1950) and was the creator, with Alfred Duckett, of I Never Had It Made (1972) ROBINSON, Jackie (1919-72). The main dark player in both of the significant baseball classes was Jackie Robinson. He broke the shading obstruction in 1947, two years after he was marked by Branch Rickey, leader of the Brooklyn (presently Los Angeles) Dodgers. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was conceived in Cairo, Ga., on Jan. 31, 1919. He experienced childhood in Pasadena, Calif. In secondary school and at Pasadena Junior College he exhibited extraordinary athletic ability in track, ball, football, and baseball. He kept on exceeding expectations in sports at the University of California at Los Angeles. He left school in 1941 and was drafted the next year for Army administration during World War II. Subsequent to accepting a clinical release in 1945, he went through a year playing baseball with the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League. His extraordinary play carried him to the consideration of Rickey, who handpicked him as the man destined to prevail with regards to conquering the prejudice predominant in the game. He played the 1946 season with the Montreal Royals, a Dodgers ranch club, and drove the International League in hitting with a . 349 normal. He took 40 bases and scored 113 runs. At the point when the Dodgers opened their 1947 season, Robinson was playing a respectable halfway point. A prompt achievement, he drove the National League in taken bases and was named youngster of the year. The main issue he needed to beat was controlling his red hot temper even with ceaseless racial slurs from the groups and other competitors, including his own colleagues. In 1949, with a . 342 normal, he was named the most important player in the class. He was one of the games best base sprinters, with an aggregate of 197 taken bases. The Dodgers won six National League flags during Robinsons ten playing years. He resigned from baseball in 1956 with a lifetime batting normal of .311. He was chosen for the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, the main dark player to be so regarded. After retirement he turned into a VP of a New York eatery firm and the leader of a land-improvement organization. He likewise worked with medicate counteraction programs. Robinson passed on out of nowhere on Oct. 24, 1972, in Stamford, Conn. .

Strategic Hospitality Management - A Plan for the Expansion of Accor Essay

Vital Hospitality Management - A Plan for the Expansion of Accor - Essay Example So Europe all in all (counting France) has a sum of about half of Accor’s business, however the Asian market has just 9%. Thinking about the populaces of Asia and their developing working class, this appears to be a to some degree slanted extent with abundant opportunity to get better. The extents lodging business are as per the following: As the organization has been effective inside the Economy part it appears to be legitimate to get ready for the future utilizing the worldview that has succeeded up to this point. Objectives The Accor Board is anticipating proceeded with extension with 10,000 rooms for every annum more than 2007/2008. This speaks to a genuinely humble 2.2% ascent per annum. This development is arranged across both built up business sectors, for example, in Europe and North America, and developing markets in the creating scene, for example, Latin American, the Middle East, and Asia. Proposition Established Markets Country The nation picked for extension in th e set up showcase is Switzerland. The brand that will be extended is the financial plan ETAP band. Switzerland is a legitimate and promising decision for the accompanying reasons. 1)The Swiss economy is one of the most developed on the planet and has an expansive scope of monetary movement, with a primary spotlight on the banking and the travel industry divisions: â€Å"Switzerland’s economy depends on an exceptionally qualified work power performing profoundly talented work. The fundamental regions incorporate smaller scale innovation, greetings tech, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals, just as banking and protection know-how. A large portion of the individuals working in Switzerland are utilized by little and medium-sized enterprises.†

Free Essays on Why Europe Needs A Constituion

WHY EUROPE NEEDS A CONSTITUTION There is a surprising complexity between the desires and requests of the individuals who pushed for European unification following World War II, and the individuals who examine the continuation of this venture today-in any event, a striking contrast in talk and apparent point. While the original backers of European mix didn't spare a moment to talk about the venture they had as a main priority as a ‘United States of Europe’, bringing out the case of the USA, current conversation has moved away from the model of a government state, dodging even the term ‘federation’. [1] Larry Siedentop’s late book Democracy in Europe communicates an increasingly careful state of mind: as he puts it, ‘a incredible sacred discussion need not include an earlier responsibility to federalism as the most alluring result in Europe. It might uncover that Europe is developing another political structure, something in excess of a confederation yet not exactly an organizat ion a relationship of sovereign states which pool their sway just in confined zones to fluctuating degrees, an affiliation which doesn't try to have the coercive capacity to act straightforwardly on people in the design of country states.’ [2] Does this move in atmosphere mirror a sound authenticity, conceived of a learning-procedure of more than four decades, or is it rather the indication of a disposition of reluctance, if not inside and out pessimism? Siedentop comes up short when he whines of the absence of any significant or propelled established discussion on the destiny of Europe, equipped for holding onto the creative mind of its people groups. For our circumstance today isn't tantamount to that of either the Federalists or the agents to the Assemblã ©e Nationale. Toward the finish of the eighteenth century, in Philadelphia and Paris, the Founding Fathers and the French Revolutionaries were occupied with an unprecedented endeavor, without chronicled point of reference. In excess of 200 years after the fact, we are not just beneficiaries t... Free Essays on Why Europe Needs A Constituion Free Essays on Why Europe Needs A Constituion WHY EUROPE NEEDS A CONSTITUTION There is an amazing differentiation between the desires and requests of the individuals who pushed for European unification following World War II, and the individuals who mull over the continuation of this venture today-in any event, a striking distinction in talk and apparent point. While the original backers of European joining didn't spare a moment to talk about the venture they had as a top priority as a ‘United States of Europe’, bringing out the case of the USA, current conversation has moved away from the model of a government state, maintaining a strategic distance from even the term ‘federation’. [1] Larry Siedentop’s late book Democracy in Europe communicates a progressively wary disposition: as he puts it, ‘a extraordinary sacred discussion need not include an earlier duty to federalism as the most alluring result in Europe. It might uncover that Europe is designing another political structure, something in excess of a confederation however not exactly an organization a relationship of sovereign states which pool their sway just in confined territories to changing degrees, an affiliation which doesn't look to have the coercive capacity to act straightforwardly on people in the style of country states.’ [2] Does this move in atmosphere mirror a sound authenticity, conceived of a learning-procedure of more than four decades, or is it rather the indication of a disposition of reluctance, if not through and through pessimism? Siedentop comes up short when he whines of the absence of any significant or motivated protected discussion on the destiny of Europe, equipped for holding onto the creative mind of its people groups. For our circumstance today isn't equivalent to that of either the Federalists or the representatives to the Assemblã ©e Nationale. Toward the finish of the eighteenth century, in Philadelphia and Paris, the Founding Fathers and the French Revolutionaries were occupied with a remarkable endeavor, without verifiable point of reference. In excess of 200 years after the fact, we are not just beneficiaries t...

Case Study Of The Jaipur Rail Project Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

A productive arrangement of assurance conceiving for supportable financial turn of events, with a useful natural heading of the beginnings of ecological effect and impacts of such effects, should be placed in topographic point so as to execute the specialists strategy of ecological insurance and security at the territorial degree. Manageable advancement is the outcome of cautiously fusing ecological, monetary and cultural requests in the approach degree to achieve both an expanded measure of life for the time being, and a net expansion or balance among human, regular and financial assets to back up future coevalss. This EIA review is to set up present natural conditions along the proposed Jaipur Metro Corridors: Predict the effects on important ecological properties because of the structure and activity of the proposed endeavor and urge equivalent extenuation steps to limit/chop down unpropitious effects. We will compose a custom paper test on Contextual investigation Of The Jaipur Rail Project Environmental Sciences Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The data introduced in this region is drawn from grouped beginnings, for example, examines, field studies and condition checking. Greater part of informations on H2O quality, vegetation, air and commotion quality was gathered during field surveies in November 2009 to Feb. 2010. Moreover, operational rules, observing, and station shutting steps were recommended. The procedure followed and suggestions made by this overview may work as insight for contrivers and assurance shapers to carry on EIA for landfills under comparative conditions. Cardinal words: EIA ( Environmental Impact Assessment ) , EPA ( Environmental Protection Act ) EPR ( Environmental Protection Regulation ) , EIS ( Environmental Impact Statement ) , EIA framework and system. Presentation The central motivation behind the EIA study is to set up present natural conditions along the proposed jaipur tube passages ; foresee the effects on significant ecological properties because of the structure and activity of the proposed endeavor and urge equivalent extenuation steps to limit/decrease unpropitious effects. The various constituents of condition wherein adjustments are probably going to happen incorporate H2O, land, air, biology, clamor, financial issues, and so forth. The points of the Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIA ) study for the proposed Undertaking are to the components of nature likely to be influenced by the proposed advancements ; to set up the standard ecological and cultural situation of the endeavor nation ; to put and evaluate transmission beginnings and discover the criticalness of effects on touchy receptors, to anticipate and quantify natural and cultural effects expected during the structure and activity phases of the endeavor, to gauge the assumption of the masses as saw in the formal review, including the recommendations given by the people and the reaction of the endeavor governments, to create extenuation steps to limit contamination, ecological bother and irritation during building and tasks of the turn of events, to design and specify the observing requests important to ensure the execution and the effectivity of the extenuation steps proposed and to work out the expense of ecological extenuation and checking requests. The earth sway examination is typically completed in eight stairss ; every one of which has an equivalent significance in finding the general open introduction of the endeavor. Area and Physical geology Jaipur prevalently known as the Pink City, is the capital of Rajasthan. Jaipur is situated at 26A °55aˆ?N 75A °49aˆ?Ei »? /i »?26.55A °N 75.52A °Ei »? /. It has a mean lift of 431A meters ( 1417A foot ) . The brilliant status winning at the endeavor way during the study twelvemonth is given underneath in Table 1.All the checking station are chosen with in 500 m from the way. Table 1: Meteorologic Data ( IMD ) Parameters Most extreme Least Normal Temperature 45.4EsC 5.0EsC 30EsC Relative Humidity 61 % 17 % 50.66 % Wind Speed 28 kmph 0 kmph 14.9 kmph Wind Direction Dominating air current way are NW and NE Downpour ††613.6 millimeter Starting: IMD, Jaipur Fig.1. Proposed hallway Fig.2. Strategy of EIA Fig.3 Satellite guide demoing checking station. Strategy: †The various constituents of condition wherein changes are probably going to happen incorporate H2O, land, air, nature, clamor, financial issues, and so on, subsequently all these parametric amount are broke down: †Land H2O and earth examination: †The groundwater and soil quality in the overview nation is accounted for to be acceptable. Be that as it may, research center investigations were accomplished for a restricted figure of tests, within informations of which are given in Tables and 3 Air quality: †Degrees of SPM, RSPM are on the higher side for the touchy nations. Anyway SPM in Ajmeri entryway is most noteworthy National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This is a direct result of the most noteworthy traffic in the nation. In different nations other than the SPM are higher because of overwhelming traffic. Chand Pole is the bustling nation where one can see grouped private and business land use. Degrees of SO2 and NOX are acceptable inside the recommended limits of NAAQS at all receptors. Commotion degree: †It can be seen that the clamor degrees are acceptable inside the standards. The twenty-four hours clamor degree was seen as most noteworthy at Chand Pole Gate, which is probably the busiest crossing point of the city. Natural Management Plan In light of the natural benchmark conditions, arranged endeavor exercises and its effect evaluated, the arrangement of steps to be taken during execution and activity to maintain a strategic distance from, countervail unfavorable ecological effects or to chop down them to satisfactory degrees, together with the activity which should be taken to be actualized are given in this development. Decisions A ; Recommendations In view of undertaking points of interest and bing ecological conditions potential effects have been distinguished that are probably going to result from the proposed endeavor and where conceivable these have been measured in table 4. Blending to contemplate, around 1158 trees are probably going to be lost because of the endeavor along the partnership. Multiple times the figure of trees is proposed to be planted. Thus a 9000 workss are required to be planted in the endeavor nation at a whole expense of Rs. 13 hundred thousand. It is assumed that specialists land will be accommodated afforestation ; thus no land cost will be included. The suggested works species for afforestation incorporate Khejari, Castor, Roida ( sheesham ) , Khair, Kair, Harsingar, lemon, pepal, ber, babool, neem, sirus, ..gulmohar, arjun, papri, bottle reckless, amla and so forth The open wellbeing establishments, for example, H2O flexibly sanitation and toilets are genuinely necessary at undertaking area. Water ought to be treated before utilization upto WHO measures. Appropriately planned downpour H2O harvesting frameworks will be introduced at all Stationss to save H2O. There will be an expansion in clamor degree in surrounding air because of building and activity of metro rail. The expansion in degrees is fringy ; thusly neighborhood populace will non be antagonistically influenced. Be that as it may, the presentation of laborers to high clamor degrees especially close to motor, blowhole shaft, and so forth require to be limited. This can be accomplished by occupation rotational movement, motorization, defensive gadgets, commotion obstructions, and soundproof compartments, control suites, and so forth. The laborers utilized in high clamor degree nation could be utilized in low commotion degree nations. Robotization of hardware and apparatuses, any place c onceivable ought to be done to maintain a strategic distance from continuous presentation of laborers to reverberate. At work topographic focuses, where automation of hardware is non conceivable, the laborers presented to reverberate ought to be given defensive gadgets. Specific acoustic walled in areas ought to be accommodated single clamor bring forthing types of gear, at every possible opportunity. Vibration exudes from rail-wheel communication and the equivalent can be diminished by limiting surface irregularities of haggle, bettering way geometry, providing flexible clasp, and division of rail place get together from the solid platform with introduction of versatile and shock engrossing tablet. Step by step instructions to refer to Case Study Of The Jaipur Rail Project Environmental Sciences Essay, Free Case study tests

Assignmenat 1 Example

Assignmenat 1 Example Assignmenat 1 â€" Essay Example > 21th May Recession refers to a contraction of a business cycle. Generally, during a recession, economic activities slow down. Notable characteristics of a recession include falling of gross domestic product, investment spending, household income, inflation, housing market and investment spending. At the same time the rate of unemployment as well as bankruptcies increases. Another notable aspect of recession is that there is widespread decrease in the rate of spending or drop in the demand. The reduction on the rate of spending may be caused by various factors such as financial crisis, supply shock, emergence of economic bubble or a shock in the external trade (Timberlake and Richard 16). In order for a country to increase its national production, it is imperative that appropriate strategies are undertaken to address recession. Governments address recession by initiating expansionary macroeconomic policies. These include reduction on the rate of taxation, expanding money supply and increasing government spending. For example, within a short period after President Obama took office, approximately $800 billion was passed by the congress as a way of improving the economy. By increasing the government expenditure, investment rises thus creating more jobs resulting to an increase in the household income and demand. Similarly, reduction on the rate of taxes ensures that investors are left with adequate funds that they can invest in other areas. In most cases, recession is caused by poor government policies. For example by not initiating proper rate of taxation or lack of undertaking government projects, the economy is adversely affected leading to recession. In US, contraction or expansion of business cycle is determined by National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER indicates the start and the end of recession but it does not determine depression. Depression on the other hand refers to an extreme recession. Major characteristics of depression include extensive increase in the level of unemployment, deflation and low levels of credit. Due to high level of unemployment, individuals have low income leading to a drastic fall in purchasing power. In the last few years, we have been in a recession. This is based on the slow down of economic indicators such as the level of employment, investment and demand although the levels have not reached extreme levels. As indicated earlier, recession is addressed by adopting macroeconomic policies that result to an increase in the level of investment. My client should therefore start investing now. One of the major advantages of expanding current investments is that there are available resources including a workforce that is skilled to undertake various duties. If more investors initiate various projects, the level of gross domestic product would increase resulting to an increase in the household income and national demand. Likewise, government encourages investment by providing subsidies such as reduction of rates of taxes and business loan during recession (Siegel 36). This implies that by establishing an investment now, the manufacturer has the opportunity to benefit from government subsidies thus increasing his profits. Based on the increased net profits, the manufacturer will be in a better position to expand further his investment thus further solving recession. Works Cited Siegel, J. Stocks for the Long Run: The Definitive Guide to Financial Market Returns and Long-Term Investment Strategies. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.Print. Timberlake, J and Richard H. Business cycles and depressions. New York: Garland Publishing, 1997. Print.

So It Went! - Literature Essay Samples

We see playful children giggling, laughing, not a care in the world and envy their innocence. Their spirits have not yet been hardened and jaded by the world around them. Our lives are made up of a series of moments, big and small, that continuously shape who we are as individuals. Each day we live out different experiences which at some point we will consider our ‘past’. As a society, we have accepted the fact that each of our lives will most likely include its fair share of emotional burdens, and it is up to us how we deal with those burdens and let them affect our future. In The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, cowardly and sensitive Amir bottles up his past inside of him, and allows his mistakes to define him well into adulthood. Tim O’Brien, author and protagonist of The Things They Carried, tactfully utilizes his metafictional novels to relieve daunting memories of the Vietnam war. Lastly, Billy Pilgrim from Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five simply chooses to be unaffected by any events from his past. Much like the characters from these fictional novels, many of us carry so much emotional baggage from dark times in our lives, which we all deal with in different ways. However, the question still remains as to why the past affects us in the way it does, how we cope with the events of our past, and how we can best transform these past experiences into tools that will help us to once again see the light of our childhood that we have forgotten. The way one copes and grieves is a very personal process. Some people simply choose to sit and cry; they spend their days feeling sorry for themselves and wonder what they could have done differently. Others choose to combat their difficult pasts by brushing off the situation, or even by making jokes about it. Tim O’Brien gives us a clear glimpse of this kind of coping method in The Things They Carried. Based on O’Brien’s use of dark humor in the novel, Tim shows readers that sometimes the easiest way to smile in the present is to laugh about tears in the past. Through this dark humor, it’s clear to see that O’Brien was extremely affected by his experiences at war. After all, he has enough stories and emotions to reveal about the war to write numerous novels just on this one topic. In O’Brien’s sneaky, metafictional way, he lets audiences in on the fact that writing is his way of coping by explaining, â€Å"By telling stories, you obj ectify your own experience. You separate it from yourself. You pin down certain truths. You make up others. You start sometimes with an incident that truly happened†¦and you carry it forward by inventing incidents that did not in fact occur but that nonetheless help to clarify and explain† (O’Brien 158). Writing down your thoughts and is a beneficial and healthy way of coping with the past. However, readers see that this method doesn’t fully heal all wounds as O’Brien recalls images from the war, â€Å"There were many bodies, real bodies with real faces, but I was young then and I was afraid to look. And now, twenty years later, I’m left with faceless responsibility and faceless grief (O’Brien 180). Though we do know how O’Brien attempts to make sense of his past and overcome the trauma he has experienced, many are wondering why Tim is still left with responsibility and grief so many years later. This can be explained firstly by the fact that Tim is missing one pivotal psychological element in his emotional life: forgiveness. Highly respected psychologist Roberto Assagioli believes that â€Å"Without forgiveness, life is governed by an endless cycle of resentment and retaliation† (Menahem). Studies show that there is a direct correlation between forgiveness and overall mental health. Forgiveness not only decreases negative emotions, but also creates an overall sense of well being that increases one’s happiness and health (Menahem). Tim does not struggle with forgiving others, but rather with forgiving himself. The innocent lives that he and/or his fellow soldiers ended during the war still haunts Tim to this day. Sharing his stories facilitates O’Brie n’s mental healing to an extent, but until he can forgive himself for his actions in the past, he will never be able to truly overcome his emotional burdens. Much like Tim, this same battle with forgiveness is seen clearly in the life of Amir from The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. After witnessing the rape of his best friend Hassan, Amir does nothing to stop the incident and is too much of a coward to tell anyone what happened. Instead, Amir bottles up his guilt and allows one single event to have an affect on nearly every aspect of his life in the future. Amir refuses to forgive himself; his coping methods are proven unhealthy and ineffective by his negatively impacted actions, relationships, and overall psyche. However, even after all Amir has gone through, after all the lies he has told and the friends he has betrayed, Rahim Khan reassures Amir, â€Å"there is a way to be good again† (Hosseini 2). Rahim is trying to make Amir understand what many people today fail to realize no matter how awful things were in the past, and no matter how terrible of a person you may think you are, there is a way to change the future because it has not yet occurred. When Amir finally comes to terms with the rape of Hassan and begins building a relationship with his Hassan’s son as compensation, he concludes, â€Å"when spring comes it melts the snow one flake at a time, and maybe I just witnessed the first flake melting† (page 372). Through healthy and effective coping methods, such as forgiveness, each one of us can begin to melt the snowflakes of our past and maybe one day we will be able to live in the warmth of the present. Along with forgiveness, society is another large factor in the reasons behind these charcters’ actions and coping methods. Through O’Brien’s experiences in the war, we see the motivation behind many of the soldier’s actions as O’Brien recalls that, â€Å"They carried their reputations. They carried the soldier’s greatest fear, which was the fear of blushing. Men killed and died, because they were embarrassed not to† (O’Brien 180). The soldier’s actions were based not on their own free will, but on the pressure that society had put on them, and their awareness of how their emotions would affect them in the future. Studies show that, â€Å"People’s reactions to [certain] scenarios reflect their social preferences, that is, their satisfaction with social outcomes obtained by themselves and others† (Choshen-Hillel). If it were not for the influence of society, the soldiers in The Things They Carried would not fe el the need to be such strong men by suppressing their emotions and traumatic experiences. Similarly, Amir might not have been quite as hesitant to come to terms with Hassan’s rape, had he not had to carry the responsibility and image of being his father’s only legitimate son. Unlike Tim and Amir, we see an entirely different coping method altogether in Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut. In this novel, readers get acquainted with Billy Pilgrim, a POW very similar to Tim O’Brien. Yet Tim and Billy’s perception of the world after the war is greatly contrasting. Billy has accepted every moment of his life past, present, and future. He recalls the hard times in his life and he feels no remorse. Billy often comes across the prayer, â€Å"God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, courage to change the things I can, and wisdom to always tell the difference† (Vonnegut 60). However, Billy doesn’t live by these words as he should. Based on Tralmalfadorian theory, Billy doesn’t think he can change anything. He lives his whole life by the motto, â€Å"so it goes†. Research shows that â€Å"individuals resort to primitive psychological states as normal aspects of mental functioning when faced with sig nificant change or loss† (Griffin). As a POW and a firebombing of Dresden survivor, Billy has many events of his past to be affected by. Yet he remains numb to virtually everything, by definition in a â€Å"primitive psychological state†. Billy’s past has made him insensitive, which is somewhat dehumanizing. He is no longer phased by death. When faced with a corpse, Billy admits, â€Å"I simply shrug and say what the Tralfamadorians say about dead people which is ‘so it goes’† (Vonnegut 27). While this coping method may seem like a valid solution on the surface Billy feels no pain readers would be remiss if they overlooked the many emotional journeys that Billy misses out on in consequence of his numbness. What we as a society must strive to do is to find an equilibrium between these three characters. In order to get us through the tough times, we need to find healthy coping methods, like O’Brien’s writing. However, unlike this healing soldier and the similar character Amir, we needn’t be haunted by our decisions in the past; although those memories cannot be changed, we can take comfort in the fact that they are behind us. Amir lived his whole life bottling up all of his traumatic experiences and secrets and insecurities which obviously did help him in any way. Billy hasn’t quite figured things out either. While Billy doesn’t let the bad things in his life affect him, he is also missing out on everything good. We cannot live our lives being solely people of â€Å"so it goes.† Instead, let us become creatures that exclaim, â€Å"So it went!† What many people today fail to realize is that no matter what our circumstances were in the pas t, we can use those experiences as tools for the future. We must figure out why the past affects us the way it does and carefully decide which coping methods will work best for us as individuals in the healing process. As a society, we must come together and realize that the past is the past, and the future remains as pure as those happy, giggling children we so envy. Choshen-Hillel, Shoham, and Ilan Yaniv. Social Preferences Shaped By Conflicting Motives: When Enhancing Social Welfare Creates Unfavorable Comparisons For The Self. Judgment Decision Making 7.5 (2012): 618-627. Academic Search Elite. Web. 1 May 2014. Griffin, David. Loss As A Lifelong Regenerative Learning Process. Psychodynamic Counselling 7.4 (2001): 413-430. Academic Search Elite. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. New York: Riverhead, 2003. Print. Menahem, Sam, and Melanie Love. Forgiveness In Psychotherapy: The Key To Healing. Journal Of Clinical Psychology 69.8 (2013): 829-835. Academic Search Elite. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. OBrien, Tim. The Things They Carried. London: Flamingo, 1991. Print. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse Five. New York: Random House Inc., 1969. Print.

Intellectual Property Rights Of The United States

Intellectual property rights were first born as far back as medieval Europe. During these times, groups of artisans in a particular industry were given permission from the government to control conduct in other industries. These group’s job were to oversee what items were being imported, marketed, produced as well as how new inventions were introduced to the market. [1] Intellectual law during this time period was driven mainly by political and religious reasons since they were a huge part of everyday life. In 1710, intellectual law was made more specific with the passing of the Statute of Anne. This gave inventors an initial 14-year protection period and a possible 14-year renewal. However, it did not protect the inventor from foreign-language translations and the people were able to complain if prices were too high. [2] The start of intellectual property rights in Europe gave way to a birth of our own system of intellectual law in the United States. Once the colonies were seceded from British rule, each of the original 13 colonies created its own copyright law. At the time, this sounded like a good idea, however it was later realized that having separate copyright laws only made things confusing. [3] Laws in one colony were not enforceable in another and a solution needed to be made. It was decided that to fix this problem, the national government should be responsible for coming up with a copyright law that has to be followed by the country as a whole, not individualShow MoreRelatedThe Intellectual Property Rights Of The North American Country856 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to the Intellectual Property Rights In a general term, intellectual property is any person’s human intellect, which is often protected by law, in order to safeguard its use from another person. The possession of such kind of property generates limited monopoly in the safeguarded property. Intellectual property can be subdivided into copyrights, patents, trademark and trade secrets (Intellectual Property Rights, 2014). The law protects the Intellectual Property so that the people whoRead MoreThe Acta Treaty : A Multilateral Trade Agreement901 Words   |  4 Pagesthe elite of the world, led by the United States and European Union countries, in an atmosphere of secrecy. But since the negotiations began, it was leaked several drafts of the convention, all of which indicated that the agreement could threaten the right to health, the right to access to medicines around the world, especially in developing countries. It is the most important criticisms against ACTA, it seeks to stronger enforcement of intellectual property rights, surpassing international standardsRead MoreThe Beginnings Of Intellectual Property Rights1630 Words   |  7 Pages Beginnings of Intellectual Property Rights Intellectual property rights will remain a part of international trade agreements in the future, but the global activity will likely be characterized by varying standards and improved enforcement, reflecting evolution in social, cultural and political attitudes, and a deeper understanding of the relationships among innovation, creation and the more efficient distribution of intellectual property. Increased cooperation might occur at the governance levelRead MoreChinese Foreign Trade Relations : Intellectual Property Enforcement Context1164 Words   |  5 PagesChinese Foreign Trade Relations: Intellectual Property Enforcement Context I. Introduction American businesses are losing up to an estimated $60 billion each year in the global market from intellectual property violations. The problem continues to grow as more American companies invest overseas, and more products consist of intangible or intellectual property. American companies face more than just economic challenges: if losses of intellectual property rights continue to go unchecked, businessesRead MoreThe Protection Of Copyright : An Indispensable Part Of The Domestic And International Protection Essay974 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects of intellectual property, copyright is an indispensable part of the domestic and international protection. As one of the earliest countries to be aware of the importance of the protection of intellectual property, the United States paid great attention to the protection of copyright. All the treaties and legislation are aiming at reaching the balance between the creators’ interests and the competitors’ rights. 1.Domestic protection 1.1. It can first been seen in the United States ConstitutionRead MoreEthics and Intellectual Property852 Words   |  3 PagesEthics and Intellectual Property â€Å"Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce† (United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2013). There are many ethical issues that have arisen in the business world today pertaining to intellectual property. Some people may not think that it is important to protect intellectual property however, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)Read MoreIntellectual Property in The US736 Words   |  3 PagesIntellectual Property Intellectual property is an incredibly complicated facet of the law. In the United States, we have many laws in place to control and limit profiting from others intellectual property. The issue is not only profiting from others intellectual property, but not purchasing the property from the originator as well. We will discuss why it is important to protect this property as well as why it is tremendously difficult to regulate all these safe guards. â€Å"Intellectual Property hasRead MoreCopyright Laws Protecting Musical And Literary Intellectual Creations901 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States Copyright Office approved almost 500,000 claims and processed over one million copyright petitions. Copyright law protects authors’ intellectual property rights. The United States legislature has considered intellectual property protection since the Constitution’s penning. As the publishing world changes so do the laws protecting published works. As copyright law changes wi th time it grows more complex. Consequently, copyright litigation takes place frequently in the United StatesRead MoreWhy Government And Law Makers Should Support Intellectual Property1337 Words   |  6 PagesIntellectual Property Omid Ashrafi Nov 27, 2014 City University of Seattle Abstract This paper is clarifying intellectual property as one of most important keys in innovation and research. It is explaining why government and law makers should support intellectual property right, and also how far government should support intellectual property. Finally, it will mention the two main elements like religious and economy which is the red line for any government and lawmakers who support intellectualRead MoreThe Effects Of Digital Media On The World Of Copyrights1531 Words   |  7 Pagesfamiliarity to intellectual property or copyright laws. When dealing with sources found digitally the laws become even more blurred and confusing; Copyright laws, traditionally, were intended protect authors and artists and physical mediums. Lawmakers’ struggle with copyright law is how to apply laws intended for one purpose to today’s high tech environment fast-paced environment. Laws are continuously being proposed and paced to stop piracy and infringement of intellectual properties (Yearneau, 2010;

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Frederick Douglass s Life Of Slavery - 1783 Words

Frederick Douglass’s Position on Slavery Slavery is severe in two ways; slavery is terrible for slaves, and slavery corrupts slave holders. Frederick Douglass spent his life trying to prove these two topics. He wrote his own books to show people who are not around slavery how horrid it is. He gave countless examples of his own life in order to abolish slavery. In the Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass written by Douglass himself, he says, â€Å"Sincerely and earnestly hoping that this little book may do something toward throwing light on the American slave system.† In the 1800s, slaves were brought over on cramped ships for many miles and then were enslaved on to fields while being tortured by their masters. Slavery was abhorrent for slaves. In excerpt 5, Frederick and other slaves had a desire to escape into freedom. Frederick had to convince other slaves that their lives could be more than slaves. Once he did that they began to have meetings and they planned their escape. However, something was bound to go wrong. In paragraph 6, they were called down to the main house and that is when Frederick was tied up. The men were searching for the protections that Frederick wrote. Then they started to tie the others until Henry (another slave planning to escape) refused. â€Å"In a few moments, they succeeded in tying John. They then turned to Henry, who had by this time returned, and commanded him to cross his hands. â€Å"I won’t!† said Henry, in a firm tone, indicating his readiness toShow MoreRelatedFrederick Douglass s Life Of Slave ry999 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing born into slavery, where you re forced to work, barely fed, and whipped a couple times of day. Rumble! That is the sound you hear in your stomach. Each night after working in the field for an hour a time. Pain that s what you feel after being whipped, for not moving fast enough as you should, mainly because you are tired. You live this life of a slave. Your name is Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass once said, â€Å"Knowledge makes a man unfit to be a slave. Frederick Douglass did not have anRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Boxill, Bernard. Frederick Douglass’s Patriotism. Journal of Ethics 13.4 (2009): 301-317. EBSCO. Web. 19 Oct 2015. Bernard argues that Frederick Douglass always was a patriot even throughout slavery. He states that most Americans are patriots even if they do not agree with the politics, but rather just a love for their country. It talks about Americans who give selfless amounts of time toward the improvement of America. Buccola, Nicholas. Each for All and All for Each:Read MoreFrederick Douglass And The Civil War1712 Words   |  7 PagesFrederick Douglass was a civil war activist, he was a father and a husband. He grew up in slavery and once he escaped he knew he still had work to do. As Frederick was growing up and as he lived , the north and south were constantly arguing and slave owners were very harsh but people still kept going, it was mostly hard on the slaves but soon the whole country was suffering from different things. In this essay (or book as I like to call it) you will learn about Frederick DouglassRead MoreEssay Frederick Douglass and Slavery1448 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass and Slavery Frederick Douglass the most successful abolitionist who changed America’s views of slavery through his writings and actions. Frederick Douglass had many achievements throughout his life. His Life as a slave had a great impact on his writings. His great oratory skills left the largest impact on Civil War time period literature. All in all he was the best black speaker and writer ever. Douglass was born a slave in 1817, in Maryland. He educatedRead MoreEssay about Narrative of Life of Frederick Douglass893 Words   |  4 PagesPublished in 1845, ‘Narrative of life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself’ is still the most highly acclaimed American autobiography ever written. It was published seven years after Douglass escaped from his life as a slave in Maryland. It describes his experience of being slave and his psychological insights into the slave-master relationship. The main focus is on ‘How he learn to read and write ‘and ‘the pain of slavery.’ The goal of this paper is to bring more insight analysisRead MoreFrederick Douglass, An American Slave1114 Words   |  5 Pages Frederick Douglass is well known for many of his literary achievements. He is best known, now, as a writer. As a writer, Frederick Douglass shined. As a speaker, he was the best. There was no abolitionist, black or white, that was more for his speaking skills. (McFeely, 206) So impressive were Frederick Douglass’s oratorical and intellectual abilities that opponents refused to believe that he had been a slave and alleged that he was a impostor brought up on the public byRead MoreThe Jungle By Upton Sinclair937 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jungle, by Upton Sinclair and Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, by Frederick Douglass both bring forth personal or fictional events that capture the interest of the the reader. The use of pathos in their writing along with true events questions the ethics, morality, and human rights of each individual at the time setting for the publication. In the book, The Jungle, Upton Sinclair advocates for the overall elimination of oppression and exploitation of workers andRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Prominent African American Social Reformer1127 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Douglass was a prominent African American social reformer in the 1800’s. Frederick Douglass’s work includes 1,000 of speeches and autobiographies throughout his quest for reform. Douglass escaped slavery at the young age of 20 years old. He went on to spread his voice on social justice through a long profound, powerful, and influential career. Frederick Douglass’s famous Fourth of July speech has caused much criticism over the years. Douglass believed that on a day when white AmericansRead MoreLife Of Frederick Douglas And Benito Cerano Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesunconcerned with the color of men s skins, emancipation will be a proclamation but not a fact† (Lyndon B. Johnson). Frederick Douglas and Herman Melville lived in the same time for almost the same length of time. Herman Melville lived from August, 1819 – September 28, 1891, while Frederick Douglass lived from February, 1818 – February 20, 1895. Yet these two narratives couldn’t have been more different. While taking a look at the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas and Benito Cerano we canRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Slavery.1438 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass and Slavery Frederick Douglass the most successful abolitionist who changed America’s views of slavery through his writings and actions. Frederick Douglass had many achievements throughout his life. His Life as a slave had a great impact on his writings. His great oratory skills left the largest impact on Civil War time period literature. All in all he was the best black speaker and writer ever. Douglass was born a slave in 1817, in Maryland. He educated

The Millenials Article Review Essay - 1127 Words

Name Instructor Subject Date Rhetoric Analysis: Millennials: The Me Me Me Generation by Joel Stein Introduction The millennial generation are an interesting group of social class that are going to change the world from their own point of view regardless of how the older generations view or relate to them. The article Millennials: The Me Me Me Generation is talking about the Millennials and how the society perceives them. The millennial is a group of the social generation that were born between the years 1980s to the beginning of the millennium in 2000. These individuals are also referred to as Generation Y, as the previous was known as generation X. The group is made up of mostly teenagers and adults still in their 20s as the†¦show more content†¦The older generation is known for calling its younger siblings lazy, very entitled, have a greater sense of self and are shallow in their thinking. However, unlike the older Generations, the author has studied the ages, he has the statistics, and he has a quote from some of the respected academic institutions. â€Å"Unlike my parents and th eir parents and their great grandparents, I have proof† quipped Joel, the author. (Joel, 1). He also uses his experience to support the subject, as a common user of social media; he proves his credibility on the subject matter quipping about how he knows his twitter followers far much better. Stein emphasises on is credibility by having data, thus quoted â€Å"this article is absolutely true† because of the fact that he has the information that is credible The author was also keen to introduce others subject as a means of proving the credibility of the subject of his article, adding a second subject and emphasizing the credibility as he did in the first paragraph of the article adds more to the primary objective. Roy Baumeister is a psychology professor in the Florida state university who helps in emphasizing how the Millennials have a great self-esteem that is good at getting a job but cannot maintain it, same to relationships calling it an â€Å"honest mistake.† (Joel, 1). Pathos Stein meticulously uses pathos as a way of applying a persuasive writing style through his appeal to the emotions ofShow MoreRelatedInformation Behaviour of Middle School Students Essays1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe information behaviour and information needs of the Millennium generation are different to previous generations due to the fact that they are â€Å"digital natives†. Online information and technology is instinctive, essential and uncomplicated for Millenial generation. They â€Å"expect search boxes† and immediate information (Godwin, 2008, p. 5). Middle schoolers need authoritative information for assignments but do not see the importance of Boolean logic or library databases. They prefer to use theRead MoreGenerations: Baby Boomers1292 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful.† (Yingling). Today’s generation is most certainly not dumb; in fact, it is shaping to be one of the most intelligent generations yet. As Millennials move into the workforce, the older generations have yet another negative opinion. â€Å"The Millenials seem to bring with them a hedonism [self-indulgence], narcissism [excessive self-interest], and cavalier work ethic previously unknown in the American workforce† (Alexander). Times are changing and the older generations do not like the attitudeRead MoreSecurity And Control Of Privacy2089 Words   |  9 Pagesintertwined with todays use of the internet and information technology. The publication that began the so called debate about privacy in the Western World was brought into light by Samuel D. Warren and Louis Brandeis who wrote an article on privacy in the Harvard Law Review (Warren Brandeis 1890). This was written in response to the aggressive and intrusiveness of journalists during that time. Warren and Brandeis argued that there is a â€Å"right to be left alone† constructed upon the principle of â€Å"inviolateRead MoreSocial Media As A Negati ve Aspect Of Their Lives1182 Words   |  5 Pagesthese ways is economically. Taplin speaks about the fact that we can publicize anything from anywhere which means that we can use social media to publicize the corporations that are making a positive change in the world (Taplin, A Letter to the Millenials). An obvious example is the social media websites themselves. These corporations were founded solely on the internet and make their revenue through the internet itself. There is no retail building required for someone to be able to tweet. TheseRead MoreThe Grocery Store1115 Words   |  5 Pagesintroduced the year later, providing clothing and apparel to the Loblaws stores. The following year Loblaw introduces an online portal website where costumers can rate and review products. This Innovative project would allow Loblaw to be more informed on the costumers likes and dislikes. The feedbacks generated by the reviews would also allow the company to provide better products for the c ostumers. Presently, Loblaw Companies Limited is a public company and as stated previously, is a subsidiaryRead MoreThe Health Risks Of Obesity Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagesthe country (Gortmaker, et.al. 2011). This research will focus on a literature review of three scholarly sources on obesity as a contemporary issue, explain how academic knowledge impacts on the social elements and the institutions of the local and global communities, assess the principles of active citizenship and their impact on obesity in the next five to ten years and share two blogs on obesity. Literature review According to Wright Aronne, (2012), the prevalence of obesity has increased steadilyRead MoreThe Study of Depression and Excessive Internet Usage Essay2266 Words   |  10 Pagestheories surrounding depression and well-being, life satisfaction, and social media usage in regards to minority users. Literature Review To add in my exploration into the effects of social media in the psyche of minorities, I looked at numerous current articles and studies that have been published that offer more insight. The first of these articles was an article in USA Today in regards to minority usage and preferences in social media. â€Å"Among black Internet users, 26% use Twitter, far outpacingRead MoreVA Consulting Report1708 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿VA Consulting Report The assignment being completed within this report asks the author of said report to answer to a few analysis and review questions pertaining to the Veteran Affairs Administration in the United States, especially as it pertains to their claims processing dilemmas and issues. The author, in order, is asked to analyze the organizational design of the Veterans Administration, analyze the agencys global and international linkages, analyze their human resource goals and frameworksRead MoreShould The United States Raise The Age For Social Security1616 Words   |  7 Pagescontemplating at a forthcoming Social Security crisis. If changes are not forged, the Social Security system will not be able to keep up with the demanded payouts and is estimated to empty the trust fund around the year 2037. In this paper I will review a brief history of the Social Security program, touch upon the eligibility requirements, discuss what economists believe about the future of the Social Security Program, a nd finally state the Pros and Cons to the proposed raising of the age requirementRead MoreGenerations Research Paper1902 Words   |  8 Pagesminimum wages have experienced an upward trend, the cost of living has risen exponentially. In fact, reports have shown that millenials entering the workforce are working longer hours but many are still unable to start families and buy homes (Taylor, 2016). An Ernst Young survey of 9,700 global workers, called Global Generations Research, revealed that nearly 80% of all Millenials and 73% of Generation X are part of a dual-earning couple, meaning that they are only able to support themselves if both

Acid in Soda Free Essays

Experiment 5 The Quantitative Determination of an Acid in Carbonated Beverages Thomas Canfield Kelly Caddell Chemistry 144B T. A. Brock Marvin 15 October 2012 Methods: Two sodas containing citric acid were investigated in this experiment. We will write a custom essay sample on Acid in Soda or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each soda was titrated using one of the two experimental methods. These methods are the traditional titration and the modern titration. Carbonic acid was already removed from the soda by boiling it. Both of the two different titration methods use the same basic set up. Firstly, the buret must be cleaned thoroughly with tap water. While cleaning the buret, it is also checked to make sure there are no leaks. The ring stand is then set up with a buret clamp and the cleaned buret placed in it. Then the buret is filled with 5-10mL of sodium hydroxide, M . 0466 NaOH, three times and emptied after each time to completely rinse the buret. The buret is now filled will NaOH until it reads at the 0. 00mL mark on the buret. The initial volume of NaOH in the buret is then recorded into lab books for future reference. The soda must now be readied for titration. Both sodas require the same set up. The correct amount of soda, depending on which titration, is poured into a 100mL graduated cylinder. This measurement had to be within 5% deviation of the given value to be legitimate. Next, after the initial volume of the soda was recorded for future calculations, distilled water was added up to the 100mL mark on the cylinder. The mixed solution was then put into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. That is as far as the similarities between the two titration methods go. In order to prepare the first soda for the traditional titration, five drops of phenolphthalein dye are added to the soda water solution in the flask. Next, the tip of the buret was placed over top of the soda solution. NaOH solution was added at approximately 2mL increments. The dye will create a pink color that disappears when mixed. When the titration did not disappear, NaOH was no longer added. The final volume of NaOH in the buret was recorded. 4mL was then subtracted from this number and the number received from that was the volume of NaOH that was quickly added each time for a more accurate titration. Another trial was then prepared by refilling the buret to 0. 00mL and the flask was rinsed out. A new soda solution was added to the flask by following the previous instructions. This time the volume of NaOH that could be quickly added was added to the soda solution. After this volume was added, drops of NaOH were then added to the solution continuously until the solution once again remained pink. The volume of NaOH was recorded in the notebook. This procedure for the traditional and accurate titration was repeated three additional times for a total of four accurate titrations. All data was recorded. The ratio of NaOH to citric acid was then calculated in the notebook for each of the four accurate titrations. Using the volume of NaOH and the molarity of NaOH, the number of moles was found. Then using the stoichiometry of the reaction, the number of moles of citric acid was found for each trial. The mean and standard deviation was then calculated for the molarity of citric acid. The modern titration used a pH electrode and the LabQuest device to record accurate titrations. After the LabQuest device was set up correctly, the soda and the NaOH were prepared as in the traditional titration experiment except the soda was placed in a beaker instead of a flask. Using a utility clamp and a stand, the pH electrode was suspended just above the bottom of the beaker. Then the magnetic stir bar was added to stir the soda solution evenly. For these titrations the volume of the NaOH was entered into the LabQuest device during the titration. NaOH was added to the solution until the pH reached 6. 0. NaOH was then added very carefully, drops at a time, until the pH reached about 10. 0. During the titration, the volume of NaOH was entered into the LabQuest device every time the pH level raised 0. 2 pH. The device stores the entered data and records it on a chart. This process of titration was repeated two more times for a total of three accurate titrations. The data stored in the device was then transferred to a computer and saved. The charts and data collected can be found on the last page. The volume of NaOH used to reach the equivalence point was calculated for each of the three titrations. The equivalence point was found graphically. Using the volume of NaOH and the molarity of NaOH, the moles of NaOH were calculated. Using the volume of the soda used, the molarity of citric acid was found. Then the mean and standard deviation of the molarity of citric acid was calculated. Results: In the traditional titration, the recorded data is shown in the following chart: Table 1: Volume of soda| Volume of NaOH| RatioNaOH:soda| MolesNaOH| MolesCitric acid| MolarityCitric acid| Titration1| 40. 00mL| 19. 00mL| . 475| 8. 85* 10^-4| 2. 95* 10^-4| 7. 375*10^-3| Titration2| 40. 00mL| 19. 00mL| . 466| 8. 85* 10^-4| 2. 95* 10^-4| 7. 23*10^-3| Titration3| 40. 80mL| 19. 00mL| . 469| 8. 85* 10^-4| 2. 95* 10^-4| 7. 28*10^-3| Titration4| 40. 10mL| 19. 02mL | . 474| 8. 86* 10^-4| 2. 95* 10^-4| 7. 36*10^-3| From the data in Table 1, the mean and standard deviation was calculated for the molarity of citric acid: Mean molarity of citric acid: 7. 31*10^-3 Standard Deviation: 6. 837*10^-5 In the modern titration, the recorded data is shown for the three trials in the tables below: Table 2: Table 3:Table 4: The data in tables 2-4 was entered separately into three different graphs shown below: Graph 1: Trial 1 Graph 1b: Derivative of graph 1 shown Graph 2: Trail 2 Graph 3: Trial 3 From tables 2-4 and analyzing graphs 1-3, the volume of NaOH used to reach the Equivalence point was calculated. Trial 1: 11. 86mL Trial 2: 11. 28mL Trial 3: 11. 40mL Using the volume of NaOH and the concentration of NaOH (. 0466M) the molarity of NaOH was calculated to four significant figures: Trial 1: 5. 527*10^-4 Trial 2: 5. 257*10^-4 Trial 3: 5. 312*10^-4 Using the stoichiometry of the reaction between citric acid and sodium hydroxide, the moles of citric acid was found to four significant figures: Trial 1: 1. 842*10^-4 Trial 2: 1. 752*10^-4 Trial 3: 1. 771*10^-4 From the moles of citric acid, the molarity was then calculated to four significant figures: Trial 1: 9. 211*10^-3 Trial 2: 8. 761*10^-3 Trial 3: 8. 854*10^-3 The mean and standard deviation were then calculated for the moles of citric acid in the sample of soda used again to four significant figures: Mean: 8. 942*10^-3 Standard Deviation: 2. 376*10^-4 How to cite Acid in Soda, Essay examples

Interest Rates in United States

Question: Choose One of the US or the Eurozone and Evaluate the likely Future path of Interest Rates Over the next 2 years. Answer: Future projection path of interest rates in United States in the next two years Interest rate of a country corresponds to the rate that is charged by the central bank from the commercial banks of the country (Li and Hazari 2015). United States is considered as well developed nation of the world, which is considered as the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. With a population of only 4.3% of the world, the nation is capable of maintaining a strong economical background of country. This essay aims at focussing on the trends of interest rates of the nation. Being one of the developed nations of the world, the focus of the essay is to attain a projected path of the countrys interest rate trends for the upcoming two years. The essay states the past twenty year trends of the interest rates in United States, which would be quite helpful in acknowledging and predicting the future trends of the mentioned macroeconomic variables. The factors that influence the inflation rate of the country has been taken into consideration thereby predicting the projected path in the end. Interest rates considered as the profit over time due to the financial instruments of a country. Interest rate is noted on the annual basis, which is calculated based on annual percentage rate. In the ISLM model, the lm curve deals with the combination of output (Y) and interest rate (r). these two variables equilibrate the money market, thereby giving the countrys nominal money supply level M and price level P. The LM curve deals with the combination of all Y and r, which would ascertain the equilibrium in the money market of the economy. According to Mankiw (2014), the equilibrium condition, the real money demand of the country must be equivalent to its real money supply. Hence, the equilibrium condition must be stated by : Md(Y,r) = M/P In the above-mentioned equilibrium condition, the equation on the right side denoting the real money supply is fixed. This states that any change in the real money supply, shifts the entire LM curve. Based on the assumption of real money supply being positively related to the output, Y and negatively related to interest rate, r, the LM curve is upward sloping in nature (Beeghley 2015). In an economy, with the shifts of the lm curve, there is a considerable alter in the rate of interest prevailing in the economy. The changes of the interest rates structure are dependent upon both the internal and the external influence of the financial markets of the country. The economic performance of the country along with its perspective and expectations of the potential loan receivers as well as the overall country is quite vital in affecting the changes of the interest rates (Gopinath, Helpman and Rogoff 2014). The interest rates of a country are dependent upon the agreements of the institutions of the economy. Central bank policy is considered as one of the most important factor prevailing in the economy, which helps in laying an emphasis on the interest rates of the country. Depending upon the rise in the money offered by the central bank to the commercial banks in a country, determines the interest rate that may be directly affecting the contracts to be made in these banks. In order to predict the future projection path of the interest rate trends in a country, the most important factor that needs to be taken into consideration is the monetary policy of the country. In an economy, monetary policy helps in anchoring the rate of inflation of a country around the targeted inflation rate of the country. The central bank of the economy, aims at attaining a stable inflation rate of the country that would thereby help in maintaining a sustained interest rate level (Schwartz 2014). On attaining a sustained inflation rate of the economy, the inflation gap and the output gap should be quite proportional to each other. The changes in the interest rates of the country should be gradual in nature. This would help in acknowledging the effects of the interest rates and the economical developments of the country. These indications are efficient enough to denote that the interest rate of the country would be quite well maintained and appropriate in nature. The trend of interest rate in United States for the past twenty years is quite fluctuating in nature. The interest rate had faced a considerable drop fro, the year 2000 to 2004. A steep rise in the interest rates has been visible in the next three years. During the time of financial crisis in the period of 2007-2009, there is a steep fall in the rate of interest of the country from 5.25 in 2007 to 2.47 in 2009. Since, 2011, a stability in the gradual increase in the interest rate of the economy has been seen until the year 2014. A sudden rise in the interest rate has been noticed in the economy in the year 2015 from 1.43 to 2.16 (Data.worldbank.org 2017). Figure 1: Past interest rate trends of United States from 1995-2015 (Source: Data.worldbank.org. 2017) It is known that rate of interest is the amount charged, which is expressed as the percentage of principal. As per the statement of Gal (2015), it can be mentioned that interest rates are considered as the rate of annual basis and it is known as annual percentage rate. Therefore, interest rate is known as the cost borrowing money. In order to forecast the future trend of interest rate of United States, it is necessary to determine the price level of the goods across the economy. It is known that there is a positive relationship between the price level or inflation rate and interest rate. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the future trend of inflation rate of United States in order to identify the future trend of interest rate of the economy, which would be discussed in the following: 2018 2.37 percent 2019 2.49 percent Table 1: Future years inflation rate (Source: Created by author) Figure 2: Projected annual rate of inflation in United States (Source: Laubach and Williams 2016) From the above table and above figure, it can be observed that the future trend of United States will be increased. Therefore, it can be inferred that the rate of interest will also be increased in the future two years. According to Barsky, Justiniano and Melosi (2014), rise in the rate of inflation reflects the increase in the price level of the goods. Therefore, the purchasing power of the country will be increased. On the other hand, it can be added that increase in the price level will decrease the real money supply. Therefore, the demand for money exceeds the money supply and the real interest rate is lower compared to the new equilibrium interest rate. The annual interest rate will increase from 0.5 percent to 0.75 percent in 2018. Therefore, the labour market will strengthen and the economic activities will be improved. The unemployment rate will be at steady position. As a result, it can be predicted that the job growth will be continued with the slower improvement of household spending. In this purpose, it can be stated that the rate of interest will be increased after the presidential election of Donald Trump. Due to the prospect of higher rate of inflation and higher deficit, it can be mentioned that this will be spurred by the taxation policy as well as the spending proposal of Donald Trump. In addition, Kuttner and Shim (2016) pointed that the Federal Reserve will also be increased at the short-term rates twice within the year. The Fed wants to increase the rate gradually in order to dampening the growth of the economy. In this connection, it can be expected that the preferred level of 3 percent in the short term rate until the year of 2020. On the other hand, the Fed reflected the improvements in customer and the business sentiment and also predicted to increase the rate up to 2.0 percent. Therefore, monetary policy of the country will be adjusted. Interest rates are considered an important macroeconomic variable of a country that helps in determining the stability of the country. Interest rates of the country are determined by the money equilibrium market, which helps in sustaining the macroeconomic conditions of the economy. In this essay, the future trend of the interest rates of United States has been taken into consideration. The past trends of the rate of interest and the monetary policy prevailing in the economy, it could be concluded that there would be a rise in the interest rate in the upcoming two years. There would be an increase in the price level of the economy thereby positively affecting the inflation rate. Hence, an upward pressure on the interest rate of the country would be visible. References Barsky, R., Justiniano, A. and Melosi, L., 2014. The natural rate of interest and its usefulness for monetary policy.The American Economic Review,104(5), pp.37-43. Beeghley, L., 2015.Structure of social stratification in the United States. Routledge. Data.worldbank.org. (2017). United States | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/united-states [Accessed 24 Feb. 2017]. Gal, J., 2015.Monetary policy, inflation, and the business cycle: an introduction to the new Keynesian framework and its applications. Princeton University Press. Gopinath, G., Helpman, E. and Rogoff, K. eds., 2014.Handbook of international economics(Vol. 4). Elsevier. Kuttner, K.N. and Shim, I., 2016. Can non-interest rate policies stabilize housing markets? Evidence from a panel of 57 economies.Journal of Financial Stability,26, pp.31-44. Laubach, T. and Williams, J.C., 2016. Measuring the natural rate of interest redux.Business Economics,51(2), pp.57-67. Li, K.W. and Hazari, B.R., 2015. The possible tragedy of quantitative easing: An IS-LM approach. Mankiw, N.G., 2014.Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Schwartz, A.F., 2014.Housing policy in the United States. Routledge.

Memories of Abuse Essay Example For Students

Memories of Abuse Essay Memory is the mental faculty of retaining and recalling past experiences. A repressed memory is one that is retained in the sub conscious mind, where one is not aware of it but where it can still affect both conscious thoughts When memory is distorted or confabulated, the result can be what has been called the False Memory Syndrome: a condition in which a persons identity and interpersonal relationships are entered around a memory of traumatic experience which is objectively false but in which the person strongly believes. Note that the syndrome is not characterized by false memories as such. We all have memories that are inaccurate. Rather, the syndrome may be diagnosed when the memory is so deeply ingrained that it orients the individuals entire personality and lifestyle, in turn disrupting all sorts of other adaptive behaviors. The analogy to personality disorder is intentional. False memory syndrome is especially destructive because the person assiduously avoids confrontation with any evidence that might challenge the memory. Thus it takes on a life of its own, encapsulated and resistant to correction. The person may become so focused on the memory that he or she may be effectively distracted from coping with real problems in There are many models which try to explain how memory works. Nevertheless, we do not know exactly how memory works. One of the most questionable models of memory is the one which assumes that every experience a person has had is recorded in memory and that some of these memories are of traumatic events too terrible to want to remember. These terrible memories are locked away in the sub conscious mind, i.e. repressed, only to be remembered in adulthood when some triggering event opens the door to the unconscious. And, both before and after the repressed memory is remembered, it causes physical and Some people have made an effort to explain their pain, even cancer, as coming from repressed memories of incest in the body. Scientists have studied related phenomenon such as people whose hands bleed in certain religious settings. Presumably such people, called stigmatics, are not revealing unconscious memories of being crucified as young children, but rather are demonstrating a fascinating psychogenic anomaly that springs from their conscious fixation on the suffering of Christ. Similarly, it is possible that conscious fixation on the idea that one was sexually abused might increase the frequency of some physical symptoms, regardless of whether or not the abuse really occurred. (Lindsay Read, 1994) This view of memory has two elements: (1) the accuracy element and (2) the causal element. The reason this model is questionable is not because people dont have unpleasant or painful experiences they would rather forget, nor is it claiming that children often experience both wonderful and brutal things for which they have no conceptual or linguistic framework and hence are incapable of understanding them, much less relating it to others. It is questionable because this model maintains that because (a) one is having problems of functioning as a healthy human being and (b) one remembers being abused as a child that therefore (A) one was abused as a child and (B) the childhood abuse is the cause of ones adulthood problems. There is no evidence that supports the claim that we remember everything that we experience. In fact, there is plenty of evidence to support the claim that it is impossible for us to even attend to all the perceptual elements of any given experience, much less to recall them all. There is no evidence to support the claim that all memories of experiences happened as they remembered to have happened or that they have even happened at all. And there is no evidence to support the claim that subjective certainty about the accuracy of memories or the vividness of memories significantly correlates with accuracy. Finally, the claim of a causal connection between abuse and health or behavior does not warrant concluding that ill health, mental or physical, is a sign of having been abused. This model is the basis for a number of pseudoscientific works on child abuse by self-proclaimed experts such as Ellen Bass, E. Sue Blum, Laura Davis, Beverly Engel, Beverly Holman, Wendy Maltz and Mary Jane Williams. Through communal reinforcement many empirically unsupported notions, including the claim that about half of all women have been sexually abused, get treated as a fact by many people. Psychologist Carol Tavris writes In what can only be called an incestuous arrangement, the authors of these books all rely on one anothers work as supporting evidence for their own; they all recommend one anothers books to their readers. If one of them comes up with a concocted statisticsuch as more than half of all women survivors of childhood sexual trauma the numbers are traded like baseball cards, reprinted in every book and eventually enshrined as fact. Thus the cycle of misinformation, faulty statistics and unvalidated assertions maintains itself. (Tavris, 1993) The only difference between this group of experts and say, a group of physicists is that the child abuse experts have achieved their status as authorities not by scientific training but by either (a) experience they were victims themselves or they have treated victims of abuse in their capacity as social workers or (b) they wrote a book on child abuse. The child abuse experts are not trained in scientific research which is not a comment on their ability to write or to do therapy, but which does seem to be one reason for their scientific illiteracy. (Tavris, 1993) Here are a few of the unproved, unscientifically researched notions that are being bandied around by these child abuse experts: One, if you doubt that you were abused as a child or think that it might be your imagination, this is a sign of post-incest syndrome. Two, if you can not remember any specific instances of being abused, but still have a feeling that something abusive happened to you, it probably did. Three, when a person can not remember his or her childhood or have very fuzzy memories, incest must always be considered as a possibility. And four, If you have any suspicion at all, if you have any memory, no matter how vague, it probably really happened. crime ; punishment Essay Also, contrary to what many believe, hypnosis does not aid memorys accuracy because subjects are extremely suggestible while under hypnosis. (Loftus, 1980) It is possible to create false memories in peoples minds by suggestion. The mind does not record every detail of an event, but only a few features; we fill in the rest on what must have been. For an event to make it to long term storage, a person has to perceive it, encode it and rehearse it tell about it or it decays. (This seems to be the major mechanism behind childhood amnesia, the fact that children do not develop long term memory until roughly age three.) Otherwise, research finds, even emotional experiences we are sure we will never forget the Kennedy assassination, the Challenger explosion will fade from memory, and errors will creep into the account that remain.(Travis, 1993) Research articles and court testimony confirm the wide spread use of memory enhancement techniques, in the belief that these will help recover accurate memories. These techniques include hypnosis, sodium amytal, dream interpretation, guided imagery, journaling, body massages, participation in survivor groups and reading of self help books. In the summer of 1993, the American Medical Association passed a resolution warning of the dangers of misapplication in the use of these techniques. In June of 1994 they issued a warning about all recovered memories. Both the AMA and the American Psychiatric Association have stated: .. there is no completely accurate way of determining the validity of reports in the absence of corroborating information.note 3 The problem with the practices mentioned above is that when they are used they increase the risk of influence and suggestibility. Why would someone remember something so horrible if it really did not happen? This is a haunting question, but there are several possible explanations which might shed light on some of the false memories. A pseudomemory, for example, may be a kind of symbolic expression of troubled family relationships. There may be a cultural climate in our society in which the belief in the relationship between sexual abuse and individual pathology is nurtured. It may be that in such a climate people more readily believe things happened when they didnt. When people enter therapy, they do so to get better. They want to change. People also tend to look for some explanation for why they have a problem. Clients come to trust the person they have chosen to help them. Because they are trying to get better, clients tend to rely on the therapists opinion. If the therapist believes that the reason that the client has a problem is because of some past trauma, and especially if the therapist believes that the patient will not get better unless he or she remembers the trauma, the patient will work to find what he or she thinks is a trauma memory in order to get better. Richard Ofshe, Ph.D. and Ethan Watters noted that, No one not the patients, therapists, parents or critics of recovered memory therapy question that this therapy is an intensely difficult and painful experience. That the pain of therapy is real should not be accepted, however, as an argument that the memories uncovered are accurate. Ones emotional reaction to a perceived memory need not correlate with the veracity of that event, but rather only to whether one believes that event to be true.note 4 Therapists may believe that they are helping clients and improving a culture in which sex abuse is far too prevalent. A patient may find group acceptance in the cadre of survivors and find the reason for problems. Patients suffering from severe psychological symptoms are known to engage in what is called, effort after meaning (Bass Davis, 1988), in that they seek some explanation, however remote, for suffering. So, should accounts of repressed memory be dismissed out of hand? Of course not! But there should be an attempt to corroborate such memories with independent evidence and testimony before drawing conclusions about actual abuses or crimes. Such accounts should be taken very seriously and should be critically examined, giving them all the attention and investigative analysis we would give to any allegation of crime. But we should not rush to judgement, either about the accuracy of the memories of about the causal connection between past experiences and present problems. We should neither automatically reject as false memories which have been repressed for years and are suddenly recollected, nor should we automatically accept such memories as true. In terms of verification of their accuracy, these memories should not be treated any differently than any other type of memory. 1. Yet, it has happened. In a modern version of the Salem witch hunts, the McMartin pre-school case exemplifies the very worst in institutionalized justice on the hunt for child molesters. See, Mason, M. (Sept. 1991). The McMartin case revisited: the conflict between social work and criminal justice, Social Work, v. 36, no.5. 391-396. on evaluating the credibility of children as witnesses in sexual 2. See, Council on Scientific Affairs, (1994). American Medical 3. See, Council on Scientific Affairs, (1994). American Medical 4. See, Ofshe, R., Watters, E., (1994). Making Monsters: False Memory, Psychotherapy and Sexual Hysteria. p.109. Bibliography:REFERENCES Bass, E. Davis, L. , (1988). The Courage To Heal, p.173. Council on Scientific Affairs, (1994). American Medical Association, June 16. Hyman, I.E. Jr. , Husband, T.H. Billings, F.J. , (1995). Prompting false childhood memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9, pp.181-197. Lindsay, S. Read, D., (1994). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 8, p. 302. London., (1995). Independent Practitioner, March 1, 64. Loftus, E., (1980). Memory, Surprising New Insights Into How We Remember and Why We Forget, Reading, Mass,: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. Loftus, E., Ketcham, K., (1987). Eye Witness Testimony: Civil and Criminal, New York, N. Y.: Kluwer Law Book Publishers. Loftus, E., (1980). Eye Witness Testimony, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Mason, M., (Sept. 1991). The McMartin case revisited: the conflict between social work and criminal justice, Social Work, 36, no. 5, pp.391-396. Ofshe, R., ; Watters, E., (1994). Making Monsters: False Memory, Psychotherapy and Sexual Hysteria. p.109. Tavris, C., (1993). Hysteria and the Incest Survivor Machine, Sacramento Bee, Forum section, January 17, p.1.

Diversity Essay Graduate Study Sample

Diversity Essay Graduate Study SampleA diversity essay graduate study sample is a pre-written work for students of diverse backgrounds and experiences. It can be used as a unique evaluation tool for those who wish to earn a PhD in the field of diversity studies. It is also a useful means to recognize outstanding abilities or under-represented ethnicities for future research or academic purpose. The essay sample can be printed out from your PC or easily downloaded from a website.As a diversity essay graduate student, you are expected to prepare a thesis or dissertation based on an essay writing study. Many teaching personnel use it as a source of review and evaluation for high school or college students. In addition, the diversity essay graduate sample can also be used for senior level course development activities.To create a diversity essay graduate study sample, begin by identifying your topic area and theme. All students in the multicultural field are required to write essays on a range of subjects. Your topic should be related to your life experiences, interests and passions.To prepare a diversity thesis graduate student, you can use research papers or a more personal essay. Before you start writing your diversity thesis, determine the title and content of your thesis. The diversity thesis graduate sample must have an appropriate title and content that compliments the research of your choice.First identify your dissertation subject by selecting a topic that can best demonstrate your academic expertise in your area of specialization. Once you have chosen a topic, the next step is to choose an appropriate essay format that suits your particular style and content.A dissertation subject includes a written paper on your dissertation topic. The dissertation theme is the basis of the dissertation. Use this as the outline for your essay.The diversity thesis graduate sample contains information about academic requirements and ethical issues associated with using the diversity thesis graduate paper. It can be used by minority groups, ethnic minorities, women, military personnel, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people. It can also be used by authors who are or were politically and/or socially active.

The Highwayman Essays - Animal-powered Vehicles, Carriages

The Highwayman subject = english-creative writing title = The Highwayman The Highwayman Their journey to London was not a long one, but in the night, it was a treacherous one. A rolling fog covered the land, one couldn't see twenty feet ahead, but in the still, quiet night, sound carried for a mile. They began their trek in the early evening, the sun had yet to dip below the horizon. The passengers needed in London, could not wait for the next morning. The stage driver was the best to be found, his fee large, but his experience was priceless. He was accompanied by another man with a large rifle. The Rifleman had keen eyes and his ears were at attention, listening over the horses for oncoming riders; for the Highwaymen who prayed on the stages. Long after the sun had set, not a sound had been heard over the consistent clip-clop of the horses. Their hooves hit the dirt road, broadcasting a message for nearly a mile of the nearing prey. The sound alerting all the nearby predators to keep a good watch, to be ready, for the prize will soon be in their grasp. The fog, like a blanket spreading it self out on the land, concealed all stars, the only light was from a lantern suspended above the stage driver. The passengers nervous, expecting to hear shots fired. The jumped at every bump in the road that the wheels struck. Clutching their baggage close, they prayed that the night would pass quickly. The Highwayman, alerted to the approaching stage, was hidden by the road, and concealed by the fog, he was not yet able to discern the light from the quickly approaching lantern. Clutching his pistol, his only weapon, he planned to take all the that he desired from the stage. His family was at home, sitting by the fire. His late night occupation provided their home, food and clothing. During the day he works in a stable for the nearby English noble. Feeding and grooming their horses, only he knows the stable well enough to "barrow " a horse. Not every night, but often enough for his family to live better than most. Passing through a small wooded area, the stage continued at its rapid pace, the horses sweating, pulling the large stage coach and its five passengers. The Rifleman, ever intent, tenses, telling the driver to push the animals even harder. The two horses, running as fast as they can, try to comply, but they gain no speed. The passengers, jumping at every bump in the road, wishing the ride over, holding fast to the coach, expecting any minute for the stage to roll on its side. They were waiting for the Highwayman to strike. Behind a wall of fog that hides him from the stage, not making a sound, he waits. He is waiting for the right moment to ride forth. He knows that quickly he will see the light and the stage that brings it. And then they will be able to see him. His rifle is ready in his arms, ready to rise to his shoulder, take aim, and fire. The lantern throws ghostly shadows as the coach rushes by the surrounding trees. The experienced eyes of the Rifleman, watching everything as it flies by, waits for that movement, that shape, that does not belong. He listens to the sound of air rushing past, the sound of the horses, listening to their hooves as they strike ground and gulp for air in the night. He listens for the sound that does not meld with the others, the of beat of a third horse. He can see the light now, his anticipation building, his heart beating, over powering the sound of the stage, smothering the sounds of the horses pulling it. His pistol ready, in his shaking hand. His other hand holds the reigns, his feet ready to propel the horse onward, to overtake the stage. Waiting for the right moment, waiting to strike. The Rifleman waits, scanning the forest as it streaks past, his nerves building a lump in his throat. The Highwayman can now see the stage in its entirety. The Rifleman ready, will see him. Now is the time to strike. He is surprised at the speed of the coach, the cargo must be must be important. The passengers pray that they complete the trip, curse the driver for the speed. Not knowing of the dangers out side, clutching to each other, they sit on the floor of the coach. Scared,