Making Ethics Rules Stick Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Making Ethics Rules Stick - Essay Example Often, employees know the rules but run into ethical problems when they try to circumvent them. A company's standard for ethical enforcement is the most important factor. He quotes Noah Pickus, associate director of the Kenan Institute for Ethics at Duke University, who asserts "Institutions have ethical cultures. Individuals are shaped by, and respond to, those cultures. Rules are always important, but more important is how those rules are aligned with what people 'know' about what the institution allows or encourages" (para. 10). The key for ethical improvement in any corporation is to establish a strong connection between the ethics rules and the corporate culture. Raspberry goes on to quote Pickus: "If a corporation is serious about ethical standards, it will show up not just in rules but in performance reviews -- in the entire culture of the place . . . what does it say when the people who have gone to jail for various kinds of fraud were, before their convictions, systematically promoted by their companies" Essentially, promoting strong ethics requires a sound ethical structure that acts as a foundation for the entire culture of the organization. ... The article maintains that a more ethical approach to ethics training would be to embrace it for the right reasons - a real desire to instill an ethical mindset and standard of behavior throughout the organization. While there is certainly some benefit to reinforcing the rules, it has little effect on the long term ethical state of an organization unless those rules are connected with the values that govern the day-to-day activities and transactions of the business. The question posed by the article is whether it can be considered ethical for a company to provide ethics training in order to protect itself from potential legal problems down the road. Ethical Approaches Under the various goal based and duty based ethical approaches to analyzing the issue posed by the Raspberry article, it would be difficult to maintain that the recent explosion of ethics training among American companies is ethical. Neither the training itself nor the effect of the training is necessarily a good thing from a long-term perspective if it is undertaken in a half-hearted way that is not supported by the overall culture of the organization, and designed solely to cover the posterior of the corporate executives who decide to implement the training. A deontological assessment of the act itself would require that it be an inherently good thing to do, which it would be if it were done for the right reasons. On the other hand, a teleological assessment of the repercussions of the act would require that it produce a positive outcome, which it would if it were carried through in the organizational culture. Neither is the case here, and thus these ethical approaches require

Discuss the work of an artist of your choice who engages critically Essay

Discuss the work of an artist of your choice who engages critically with the concept of fashion and consumer culture. Support yo - Essay Example And it is art through which archeologists calculate the age of a certain ‘lost’ civilization. It has been established so far that paintings are the most ancient and noble form of expression. Though art is unique to each artist but each of them fall in a certain epoch where certain trends were famous. It is important to note that these trends are largely influenced by the socio-cultural, economical and political situation of that particular place. Consider the movement of Renaissance, which took birth in Italy and later spread to the whole Europe and Britain as well. The political turmoil had given birth to a want of perfection, towards change and most importantly to a more meaningful approach of life. Towards the 16th century, the hold of the Church had also grown weak and so people started to interpret the holy book through their own intelligence. This attitude is redundant in the works of Michelangelo. Hence, art and especially fine arts gives a glimpse into the societ y as a whole and also represents the fashion of that age too. For it is impossible to ignore such impacts in the lives of human beings and since artists are sensitive beings, they are prone to changes even by the slightest notion. It may differ that whether the fine artist approves of the fashion and consumer culture or disregards it in his paintings or a sculpture, which thoroughly depends on the nature of that artist but these influences, will find their places in the nooks and crevices of the work of art. Being an artist means that they live a life of their own pattern and standard. It is universally accepted that the artists’ especially fine artists do not have a limit and that artists consider art as their religion. For this very reason, artists from various sects in the society are scorned for their waywardness which for the artist is the way of life. This being established, it can be said that most artists live a life of their own choice and that a 9-5 job cannot bound them. There are various universities in the US where 24 hour studio is available for their fine arts students. However this does not mean that the fine artist can just excel in painting and drawing but there are fields like digital and graphic painting and also art marketing where the fine art students do get white collar jobs. Hence, a clear resolution for their profession cannot be drawn with a mathematical formula. In this paper, Max Ernst’s work in regard to fashion and consumer culture shall be discussed. â€Å"Max Ernst was a German-born Surrealist who helped shape the emergence of Abstract Expressionism in America post-World War II. Armed with an academic understanding of Freud, Ernst often turned to his work-whether sculpture, painting, or collage-as a means of processing his experience in World War I and unpacking his feelings of dispossession in its wake.† (Fiedorek) He is best known for promoting collage and it is noted that before him no other fine artist had esteemed the position of a collage as a form of art. According to him, â€Å"Collage is the noble conquest of the irrational, the coupling of two realities, irreconcilable in appearance, upon a plane which apparently does not suit them.† (Rogers) It is said that a childhood trauma made him see that this world is full of different realities existing at the same time. The trauma was of losing a beloved pet and interestingly his baby sister was born that very night. This left a deep mark on him which is obvious in his works of art as

Humes Theory of Cause and Effect

Humes Theory of Cause and Effect Poyan Keynejad When discussing Humes account of cause and effect, various influences are interpreted in this relationship. Hume explains how cause and effect tend to come in sequences, as in trains of thought consisting of ideas, necessity, and skepticism. These three ideas explain the pinnacle of Humes cause and effect theory. When discussing ideas, one must consider the fact that ideas range from death-defying to enlightening. For example, when Hume discusses ideology, he mentions a golden mountain. When we think of a golden mountain, we only join two consistent ideas, gold and mountain. All of our ideas or more feeble perceptions are copies of our impressions or more lively ones. (Hume 212) Hume only says that whenever there is an idea, there will be a compounded thought process which reflects whether this idea is beneficial or negligible. (Hume 214) For example, when a mastermind robber, plans to rob a bank, he refers to a process in which his ideas are portrayed physically or visually, then le ads to a scenario of what ifs? These ideas or What ifs? are usually derived as a cause and effect of certain ideas. When referring to the bank robber, what if a meticulous layout of laser security or armed forces? What would happen if he was apprehended? These are usually questions that are asked when ideas when associating ideas with cause and effect. When referring to necessity, one must understand the definition of necessity: a condition or set of circumstances, such as physical laws or social rules, that inevitably requires a certain result. Hume addresses the problem of how liberty is intertwined with metaphysical necessity Hume believes that arguments on necessity and liberty are based on a lack of prior agreement on definitions. Necessity contributes to Humes thought processes in which human nature springs from a certain regularity that we observe in human behavior in all sorts of circumstances. (Hume 222) For example, when referencing a need, some may introduce nourishment and shelter, while others require love and understanding. With necessity, Hume assumes liberty as actions acted upon necessity (Hume 230). So with liberty, how can one differentiate the difference between liberty or necessity? This argument creates a conundrum which Hume himself creates an ideal that necessity may drive an individual to a cause and effect state. Last, when referring to skepticism, one must understand that it is in every possible situation that creates a state of anxiety or nervousness. This quote clearly explains skepticism, We need only ask such a skeptic, What his meaning is? And what he proposes by all these curious researches? He is immediately at a loss, and knows not what to answer a Pyrrhonian cannot expect, that his philosophy will have any constant influence on the mind: or if it had, that its influence would be beneficial to society. On the contrary, he must acknowledge, if he will acknowledge anything, that all human life must perish, were his principles universally and steadily to prevail.(Hume 226) Hume discusses the purpose of the situation. Along with that, he implicates that there should be a definite answer: Simply a cause and effect with proof. Another quote explains When we run over libraries, persuaded of these principles, what havoc must we make? (Hume 238) For example, if there cause of an incident, should there be a solution? Humes refers to havoc as an analysis of a problem, referring to its cause and effect, and introducing a solution. When referring to cause and effect, skepticism plays a significant role due to any actions made. Group II: Churchland Eliminative materialism is the radical claim that our ordinary, common-sense understanding of the mind is deeply wrong and that some or all of the mental states posited by common-sense do not actually exist (Churchland 287). In short, Churchland believes that humans were wrong about a lot of situations, that there is no plausible reason to believe it. One might also gripe that the theory is over optimistic about future of eliminative materialism. Churchland critically plays the role of hypocrite to his own belief, but in reality, eliminative materialism is farfetched idea which compares to witch-craft. The theory has a high sense of doubt not because the prospects for a materialist account of our mental capacities were thought to be poor because it seemed to disorient the logic of those who believe in this theory. Churchland in his article summarizes how common-sense psychological framework is a false and radically misleading conception of the causes of human behavior and the nature of cognitive activity. The initial plausibility of this rather radical view is low for almost everyone, since it denies deeply entrenched assumptions (Churchland 288). Churchland reinforces these statements by quoting, Eliminative materialism does not imply the end of our normative concerns. It implies only that they will have to be reconstituted at a more revealing level of understanding, the level that a matured neuroscience will provide. Thus, we must be careful not to indulge in the denial of the antecedent of a conditional (Churchland 289). Essentially the explanation is whittled down to where if folk psychology is true, then human obey certain ideal; if folk psychology is falsified; humans do not obey these ideals (Churchland 290). This logic is very skewed and creates a very confusing thought process. Essentially there is no questioning process, only a cut-and-dry thought process. Therefore the point of eliminative materialism is that categorization of mental states according to our ordinary, everyday understanding is illegitimate, because it is not supported by the best scientific taxonomies that deal with mental life, such as neuroscience. Some eliminative materialist authors add the further claim that future neuroscience will, in fact, eliminate all non-scientific vocabulary related to the domain of mental states (Churchland 289). When contemplating how eliminative materialism is actually viable, and someone provides low-quality proof, there must be some doubt. Churchlands article was very inconsistent and produced contradictions and a skewed sense of logic. Group III: Parfit Derek Parfit proposed that we separate the notions of identity and survival. In regards to identity he questions the how personal identity must have a definitive answer. He may sometimes explain how some of have an insufficient amount of personal identity, which would present a problem given certain criteria. Along with that, he explains how personal identity is of critical importance; When referring to the previous statement, one must have an established state of personal identity. (Parfit 353) His idea of importance toward an individuals identity makes complete sense, yet compromises a number his thoughts with illogical ideals. When regarding survival, he explains how survivability does not depend on an identity. While his ideas on identity make sense, he is not very persuasive when it comes to survivability. When an individual develops an identity, they usually have a certain stigma that follows them; i.e educator, enforcer, nurturer. Parfit indicates how the question of personal identity is not really that critical to an individuals lifestyle. (Parfit 354) To establish his theory on identity Parfit asks the reader to imagine a case of fission, where a mans brain is split into two and both halves are separately transplanted into two waiting, brainless bodies, On the assumption that both resulting people have my character and apparent memories. (Parfit 355) When thinking about this situation, brain removal usually means tantamount death on both sides of the human, but when speaking metaphorically Parfit believes that two individuals are conclusively different. In regards to the splitting of the human brain he summarizes If all the possible answers are implausible, it is hard to decide which of them is true, and hard even to keep the belief that one of them must be true. (Parfit 356) Parfi t indicates how the implications of personal identity are far ranging, and there is no definitive answer, post-experiment. It seems proper that if Parfits hypothesis is correct on self and identity, our inherited metaphysical schemes collapse. (Parfit 360) In regards to survival, Parfit believes that survivability can be possible without a personal identity. He states that, You could be two bodies with a divided mind. (Parfit 353) Essentially he implies that if the brain is split into two different entities, with a proven stream of conscious, that there are two separate identities. When incorporating these entities into survival, Parfit believes that these entities do not attribute to the success into survival, but the relation to a degree. (Parfit 354) When identifying survival, Parfit approaches the situation in a third person perspective. He doesnt account for someones life, abilities, identity, hopes, or dreams. Parfits theory of survivability incorporates some logic, but the line is crossed when survivability is not accounted for. Parfit needs to supplement his account by saying to what degree these psychological connectedness must obtain in order to count as survival, or his theory predicts that one can survive as another person without dying. His idea on survivability retains a very inconclusive point of view, which remains to be unpersuasive.

Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Essay -- Business Management

Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Biography of Douglas McGregor Douglas McGregor was born on 1906 in Detroit, America. In 1895, it was here that his grandfather, Thomas McGregor started his business and given its name as, McGregor Institute. The business provides assistance to Great Lakes sailors and other transient labour. The Institute provided shelter, warmth and food to approximately 100 men every year. When Thomas McGregor passed away, his son Murray McGregor (Douglas’s father) continued to manage the business. During high school, Douglas McGregor worked as a night clerk and played the piano and organ at the chapel services. At work, he became familiar with the employees and their problems. In 1936, McGregor Institute came to an end and it was sold for $100,000 to the Goodwill Industries. After high school, McGregor went to Oberlin College and then attended to Wayne University, where he had graduated in 1932. While at college, he was married and left his college work for about five years to save enough money to start a family. McGregor began as a gasoline station attendant in Buffalo and quickly progressed to district manager of stations in the Detroit region. In 1935, he received a PhD degree from Harvard University in Experimental Psychology. McGregor was a brilliant student at Harvard that; he achieved an A grade in every course. After his graduation from Harvard University, he became a Professor of Psychology and taught there f...

Family Relationship in Movie the Descendant Essay

The King’s family depicted in the movie â€Å"The Descendant† reflects the family live style and dynamic in many of the typical middle income families. The core values that the King’s family fostering, such as love the nature, honest to each other and the united of the family, are in rooted with their heritage as the Hawaiian. The tragic incident of the main character Matt King’s wife Elizabeth provides an opportunity for Matt to review his relationship with his seventeen-years-old daughter Alexandra and ten-year-old daughter Scottie. During the coma of Elizabeth, Matt learned how to be a real father. He is growing with his daughters and building a strong relationship within his family. The author believes the King’s family in this movie set an adequate role model for families to learn how to reestablish a dysfunctional family to a healthy family. Primary Relationships Matt King is a lawyer specialized in real estate transaction. He is also a sole trustee of 25,000 aces of Kauai virgin land passed from his ancestor. He lives with his wife Elizabeth, older daughter Alexandra, who is 17 years old and a younger daughter Scottie, who is 10 years old in Hawaii. Matt is too concentrated to his work. He has very little time to be with his family members. He neglected his wife, he has not seriously talk to his wife for years, in fact, he hasn’t talk to his wife three days before she had the boating accident and dying in the hospital. He doesn’t involve much with his daughters; he thinks that taking care of the daughter is her wife’s responsibility. Since Matt hardly has time to Elizabeth, she has spend many her time in playing motor boat racing; parting with her friends, and heavily drinking. Until 23 days ago, she had an accident on her boat which was driving by her friend. Alexandra is in a boarding school because her parents want to discipline her with alcoholic and dating with older man issues. She loves her family members, however, she refused to talk to her mother after last Christmas because she found out that Elizabeth was dating another man, and she was angry with her for betraying her marriage. Scottie was a lost young girl. She has difficulty to make friends at school; she often uses inappropriate body language and profanity language when talking with people during she was angry. She likes to put on Alexandra’s under dress to express her eagerness of being a big girl. All the behavior of Scottie is try to get people’s attention. She wants people to care of her feeling and interact with her more. She revealed that all the behaviors and languages were learned from Alexandra. Scott is Elizabeth’s father. He loves Elizabeth dearly. In his eye, Elizabeth is a strong and thoughtful girl; she devoted one hundred percent to her family; and takes good care of the daughters. No one can compare with her, even the granddaughters. Family’s Developmental Stage King’s family was living in a nuclear family with adolescent girl and young girl before the wife, Elizabeth was comatose. The absent of mother in the family, turned Matt, the father from a backup parent to in charge. The daughters have to adapt their father’s new role and live with a single parent; while all of the family members have to accept the death of Elizabeth. Before Elizabeth was hospitalized, this family was a dysfunctional family already. With Elizabeth alcoholism and life risk motorboat racing hobby, workaholic Matt, alcoholic recovery Alexandra, and left alone Scottie; the family was in the movement of centrifugal. It seems that Matt and Elizabeth did not have a parents system in the family. They did not set the clear boundaries to their daughters. Their daughters do not respect them and they do not have authorities. When Matt started to take charge of the family, he self-examination the family’s development, and decided to change from a distance father to be a caring father. He constantly reminding his daughters to use the appropriated language and talking with people with respect, event the mother was not able to listen, they still need to talk to her the was to pay their respect. He draws a very clear boundary for their daughter of being respect to parents and grandparents. The family crisis of losing the mother provided a chance for them to be more closed to each other. Alexandra reflected from Scottie’s behavior and started to be a better role model for her young sister; she is lso a main support for her father to recover from the hurtful feeling of wife’s infidelity, and defending her grandpa’s incorrect accusation of her father treating her mother. Scottie’s behavior is getting less dramatic. Matt and Alexandra spend time with her and educate her about selecting the right friend and avoid the bad influence her friends. Without the mother in their life, the structure of the family changed. Alexandra alliance with the fath er and they make the family reacted to the crisis more positive and reduced the negative impact to the minimum. The family slowly moves toward the centripetal. Family’s style of communication The family had a poor communication system before the tragic incident of Elizabeth. Matt neglects her wife; he had not talked with her for three days before the comatose and had not talked with her for serious matter for ten years. Matt also not communicate with his daughters well neither. He did not talk with her younger daughter since she was three years old. When Matt and Elizabeth found out the problem of her older daughter, they put her in boarding school. There were frequent verbal fighting in the family; Matt with Elizabeth, Elizabeth with Alexandra, and Alexandra with Scottie; for the issues of what they want. When Matt took charge of the family during Elizabeth was hospitalized, he often gave order to the daughters and the daughters often ignored him and kept to do things their way. At the last stage of the movie, the family life cycle has changed and they must to learn how to communicate better in order to live in a functional and health family. The non-verbal communication style in the last scent indicated that they are moving toward that direction. Strengths, Weakness and Clinical Problems The strength of the family is they love each others; they treasure the family as a whole and against anyone who try to break their unity. The weakness of the family is they lack of communication skill, they don’t devote enough time to each other as a family. Matt and Elizabeth have challenge on parenting their daughters. Matt complaining Elizabeth for not being a good role model and Elizabeth complaining Matt for neglecting her and the daughters only bought the high tension in the family, but not solve the problem. The couple has marriage issue and Matt may better take Elizabeth’s advice to seek professional help together. For their daughters’ behavior issues, they could go to family counseling together. Matt was being accused by Elizabeth about his out of touch of his own feeling; he could talk to the therapist how to feel about this accusation. Therapist could help Elizabeth find a better way to handle the drinking issue and the feeling of being neglect by Matt. Therapist could discuss with Alexandra what is the underneath cause to her drinking problem and wanted to data the older person. Therapist could talk to Scottie and help her to see the cost and benefit of using profanity language and inappropriate body language. As a whole family, therapist could guide them using effective language to address their concerns and avoid any angry complains. Have each of the family members to agree on getting a regular family time to bond their relationship. Relevant Gender Concerns Matt and Elizabeth were growing up in the Hawaii, and Matt has the blood of the indigenous royalty of Hawaii. The met in the law school and established their family later. The only relevant cultural concern would be the male supremacy. This reflected from the Elizabeth who had to stay home to take care of the daughters with a law degree, but Matt is devoted hundred percent of his effort and time to his law firm. Conclusion In the family development, it is normal to have family structure change and experience some different degree of family crisis. Some families can survive from the change or crisis; they adapt the new situation and move on to form a healthy family relationship. Some families cannot sustain the impact of the change or crisis; they fell apart and each of them develop a different kind of symptoms and hard to stay as a family anymore. With King’s family illustration, the author believes, if every family members willing to take their responsibilities, setting a goal for helping each other to living a better life, remaining family unity and love each other as their core value, having effective strategies, such as making clean boundaries from parent to children and making new alliance to a subsystem, then, such family will be not only survive but evolve from the crisis and living in a much healthier and functional family.

A manager’s job Essay

1. A manager’s job can be described from various perspectives. (Functions, roles, essential skills, systems, contingencies). describe what managers do using Henri Fayol’s functions approach and the contingency/situational approach. Bring out in you presentation, the advantages and disadvantages of the approach. Successful organizations are led by experienced and knowledgeable managers. Good managers are there to make work load look less difficult and their responsibility is mounting and endless. Managers oversee the use of all resources; that is to say financial, physical, information and human resources in their respective firm. All the aspects of a manager’s job are interrelated. Managers also develop, maintain and implement the organization’s goals and objectives. They also lead their employees as well as motivating them to meet set targets. What managers do is represented by the term POLC. This means; planning, organizing, leading (commanding), and controlling. According to Henri Fayol, there are fourteen management principles. However not all of them apply to manager’s roles, essentials, system, functions or contingencies. Planning is a predetermined course of action in order to set up clear business objectives and making of decisions on the best use of resources. Mangers here decide on the tasks and resources that are needed to achieve business objectives. It is the most difficult among the four and therefore requires active participation of the whole organization. This then comes out as a manager’s role that is he/ she is responsible for coordinating this setup. According to Fayol, planning must be coordinated on different levels and with different horizons. Since this process involves defining goals and establishing strategies for achieving those goals and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities, the manager is responsible for such. (w ww.provenmodels.com/3/five-functions-of-management/). Planning as presented by Fayol facilitates management objectives that are it highlights the purpose for which various activities are to be undertaken. It also helps  in focusing the attention of employees on the objectives or goals of the business. However on the other hand, planning is rigid that is it has a tendency to make administration inflexible. There also is high doubt in the development of employees because of which management might have faced lot of difficulties in future. Planning therefore introduces inelasticity and discourages individual initiative as well as experimentation. Planning minimizes uncertainties that are it reduces uncertainty of the future as it involves anticipation of future events. Planning also facilitates coordination. Planning improves employee’s moral Employees know in advance what is expected of them and therefore conformity can be achieved easily. This encourages employees to show their best and also earn reward for the same. Planning encourages innovations. In the process of planning, managers have the opportunities of suggesting ways and means of improving performance. However planning is time consuming and expensive. Planning is a time consuming process because it involves collection of information, its analysis and interpretation thereof. The entire process of planning takes a lot of time specially where there are a number of alternatives available. Collection, analysis and evaluation of different information, facts and alternatives involve a lot of expense in terms of time, effort and money. Organizing according to Fayol’s perspective, is when managers provide capital, personnel and raw materials for the day to day running of the business and building structure to match the work. However, Luther Gulick and Brit Lydnall Urwick expanded organizing as establishing a structure of authority for all work. This is an essential role played by a manager. Managers arrange work to accomplish the organization’s goals. Managers also are concerned with assigning and allocation of resources and duties to employees. This is quite essential since the process brings people together that is as employees are grouped they get time to actually discuss therefore covering the social need as indicated by Abraham Maslow. It is also a manager’s job in organizing that is it is entirely up to him to know how tasks are to be grouped, who is to do the tasks, what tasks are to be done and who is to report to whom. Organizing helps in the division of work that then aids in the bringing up of specialization in various activities of concern. Specialization helps reduce wastages and in turn increases the quality of products produced. This is because everyone will be obliged to a  duty and the employees in a bid to get some recognition at work, they tend to work hard. Organizing also helps enhance effective administration, coordination, scope for new changes, and classifies authority. This is to say that organizing helps to define job positions, creates clear cut relationships among positions and ensure mutual cooperation among individuals, classifies power to every manager and the way he/ she has to exercise those powers can be clarified so that misuse of power will not take place respectively. However, specialization leads to boredom that is if the person continues to work in the same department for a long time. Leading is optimizing return from all employees in the interest of the entire enterprise. Successful managers have personal integrity, communicate clearly and base their judgments on regular audits. Leading is the imparting of a vision to the organization in order to achieve a goal. It does this by formulating a well-thought out vision and then clearly communicating it. It involves managers giving orders to employees. Managers here analyze workers’ reports and in turn get to know more about an employee. This thorough knowledge of personnel creates unity, energy, innovation, loyalty and eliminates incompetence. Managers here also motivate subordinates, influence individuals or teams as they work. This comes to the point in which a manager is said to work with and through people to accomplish organizational goals. It is within a manager’s job as well to choose the most effective communication channels or to deal with any employee behavior. Leading maintains order in the sense that everyone will be under one superior hence there are chances of having an organized structure. Members know to whom they report and who reports to them. This means that communication gets channeled along defined and predictable paths, which allows those higher in the organization to direct questions to the appropriate parties. It also means that individuals tend to know who does and does not possess the authority to assign or change tasks. A clear chain of command also generates clearly defined sets of responsibilities. However, Organizational structures that have leading as a management’s role are highly at an advantage because it offers very clear, if not always easy, advancement paths. In business organizations, for example, advancement frequently means replacing a departing or advancing superior. Also a leading management role  divides these areas of concern into various department configurations that specialize. Specialization allows organizations to concentrate particular skill sets and resources to achieve maximum efficiency. However In theory, organizations pursue a goal or goals as a unified team. The departmentalizing of specializations leads, in some cases, to decisions made to benefit a department rather than the organization goals. Amongst the POLC, controlling is the last element. Mangers here identify weaknesses and errors by controlling feedback and conforming activities to plans, policies and instructions. The manager under controlling; monitors actual performance, compares actual to standard performance and takes action basing on the outcome. It is entirely a manager’s job to come up with plans, policies and instructions that can govern the business and in turn benefit the business as a whole. By allowing controlling functions to operate effectively and efficiently through coordination and control methods for Fayol, the manager is the one who overlooks an employee as a living organism that requires liaison officers and joint committees. Controlling is precisely a way of monitoring, keeping, comparing, correcting, giving explanation and evaluating how well the purposed organization is achieving and accomplishing its goals and how they are taking action to improve or increase their performance. Controlling is the process used to establish and provide structure in order to deal with uncertainties. Control helps to reduce the wastage of human, material and financial resources. This increases the profits of the organization. All the work has to be done according to these standards. So control, acts as a guideline. It guides all the operations of the organization in the right direction. A contingency approach is a situation in management where there is no one approach to management. In short, it is a situation where there is no one size fitting all. According to Wikipedia, it is also known as the situational approach that is to say that there is not a set of management principles or tools that can be used to manage an organization. This is because organizations are different hence they face different circumstances and this may require different ways of managing. The contingency theory states that managers must understand the situation contingences facing them before deciding the best way to work with and through others as they  coordinate activities. In this case it’s not that managers just sit back and relax, rather they work the hardest because they have to first observe before acting. Managers in the contingency approach, first have to evaluate and understand what type of situation they will be in. this is mainly because situations vary and change over time. The right approach to use depends on the complex variety of critical environmental and internal contingences. The manager’s job under the contingency approach is to observe and be quick to adapt to the changes inconsiderate of how extreme the situation is, the manager therefore instills flexibility in oneself so as to find relevant solutions to different contingencies within a little amount of time. The key advantages of situational leadership are that the model is easy to understand and REFERENCE RICKY W GRIFFIN (BUSINESS 6TH EDITION) (www.provenmodels.com/3/five-functions-of-management/ managementstudyguide.com/organizing_importance_htm www.ehow.com/about_7382944_advantages-disadvantages-succession-planning.html www.ehow.com/info_8416158_advantages-disadvantages-management-information-system.html http://www.ehow.com/about_5522264_advantages-situational-leadership.html http://www.ehow.com/info_8536984_advantages-disadvantages-hierarchical-structure.html

Spain and Portugals Domination of Slavery essays

Spain and Portugal's Domination of Slavery essays The history of the European continent has been a turbulent one, and the period following the Dark Middle Ages is no exception. However, at the end of the 15th century, Europe would slowly regain its prosperity and development. Consequently, there would be a great desire for discoveries and territorial expansions. The geographical conquests lead to the establishment of the first colonial empires, Portugal and Spain. Despite their eventual demise, their colonial practices will give birth to slave trade which will become common practice throughout the next centuries and will deeply impact the social and economic realities of the time. The end of Hundred Years War, the reestablishment of the monarchic order, the reunification of the Spanish monarchy eventually leads to a certain political stability. 1 This offers the possibility to states on the Atlantic shores to take advantage of their geographical position and encourage, both politically and financially the exploration of new territories beyond the limits imposed by science. Thus, the improvements in navigation techniques offered the practical methods to encourage the expeditions. Consequently, the Portuguese Henry the Navigator manages to convince his leader of the importance expeditions out in the sea can have for the growth of the young state2 Encouraged by the success of the Portuguese navigator, his fellow countrymen discover parts of Africa to Gabon and Angola by the end of the 15th century. His evolution is rather important for the future development of the Portuguese colonial empire because the African territories would represent the first source of sl ave labor available to the Europeans. The other major colonial power was the Spanish state which sponsored Christopher Columbuss expedition during which he discovered the American continent. An important role was played by Isabella de Castilla who financed his try and later on, through the Invincible...

Evaluation of the Dehumidifier Market

Evaluation of the Dehumidifier Market Executive Summary Dehumidifiers are some of the most commonly used household appliances. They are used for the purposes of reducing the levels of humidity in the air. Ideal levels of humidity range between 30 and 50 percent. At this level, the growth of microbes and other disease vectors is inhibited. The appliances are of great importance since they help the population deal with a number of health issues.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Evaluation of the Dehumidifier Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The use of the appliances has become popular over the years following the realisation of the benefits associated with them. Statistics have shown that in countries like Korea, the sales of the appliances rose from 40,000 to 1.5 million units between 2009 and 2013. In addition, Samsung recorded a 631 percent increase in sales between May and January 2013. In light of this, it is apparent that the dehumidifier mark et has a significant potential for a company wishing to invest in new areas. Introduction Companies need to regularly evaluate their markets to determine their success. A company may also seek to enter new markets in order to support growth. Such a business requires information touching on the new market in order to make an informed decision (Esslinger 2009). For example, it is important to gather information on the customer needs. Data about other businesses operating in the market should also be sought. It is important to study the nature of the existing regulations to better understand possible barriers to entry. Companies seeking to enter new markets have to make a number of considerations prior to making any investments. To begin with, the market must be viable and able to achieve higher returns compared to other possible opportunities. The new market should also be easy to enter. As such, the company should encounter minimum constraints as it seeks to invest capital into the n ew opportunity. Before selecting the preferred opportunity, the management team must discuss and review a number proposed opportunities. The most promising venture is then selected. In most cases, the board of directors is involved in the evaluation process (Hague 2003). Usually, a project manager is then appointed to help the company further explore the market opportunity and determine its feasibility.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The project manager is required to evaluate the new market. Following the assessment, the project administrator makes recommendations to the board. They may propose for the company to enter into the new market or abandon the venture. In cases where it is recommended that the opportunity presented by the new market be exploited, the project manager needs to present to the board what actions need to be taken in order to enter into the new frontier. As such, they must come up with an action plan that is to be implemented. Timescales need to be clearly stated in order to help the board determine the implications that the implementation will have on their business. An execution proposal is also required to guide the implementation of the project (Kelley Littman 2001). The current paper entails an evaluation, action plan, and execution proposal for a refrigeration appliances manufacturing company wishing to enter into the dehumidifier market. The company has identified the need to expand its activities. After careful considerations, the dehumidifier market was identified as a potentially good opportunity for the company (Chakravarthy Krishnamoorthi 2013). As the manager appointed to spearhead the evaluation, planning, and execution of the market entry process, the author of this report is required to assess the venture and recommend to the board of directors the next course of action. If entry is recommended, the a uthor will provide an action plan and a proposal for the execution of the project. An Evaluation of the Dehumidifier Market Dehumidifiers are mostly used in homes. However, they can also be used in an industrial setting, especially in climatic chambers. The appliance is used to reduce humidity. It works by extracting moisture from the atmosphere, which is then collected as water and later discarded once it has reached the maximum level. The water collected from the appliance is not suitable for drinking since it has a large population of contaminants. Other dehumidifiers expel the water in form of vapour. As a result, the user is not required to manually discard the water that is extracted.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Evaluation of the Dehumidifier Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are a number of companies that manufacture the appliances across the world today (Warmefjord 2011). Most of the entitie s that produce refrigerators are also involved in the manufacture of dehumidifiers. They include LG, Samsung, and Ramtons. The main reason behind this is that the appliance operates almost on the same principles as the refrigerator. The company analysed in this report chose to venture into the dehumidifier market. The decision was arrived at following consultations made by the members of the board of directors. It was clear to the board that the dehumidifier market will provide the business with enhanced opportunities to make profits (Stelzner 2011). Being a common household appliance, most individuals purchase this product. As a result, there is high demand for the appliance in the market. The gadgets also have a simple design that makes it easy to manufacture them. They are also small in size. As such, less material is required to build them. Dehumidifiers are also portable. As a result, they are easily installed in homes, offices, and manufacturing plants (Tomovic 2009). Their en ergy efficiency greatly depends on the technology used to assemble them. The efficacy of a humidifier is determined by the amount of moisture it can extract in a day. The water collected is usually measured in form of pints. Dehumidifiers with high ranges of functionalities are mostly preferred. The need for the appliance is mostly informed by health and comfort concerns among the buyers (Norman 2012). By reducing the amount of moisture present in the surroundings, musty odour, which is usually associated with dampness, is eliminated. Most people find high humidity to be a major cause of discomfort. The situation is worsened during hot seasons when the body attempts to cool itself through perspiration. Since the air is already saturated, it cannot take up any more moisture. As a result, the sweat remains on the body surface. Individuals become extremely uncomfortable since their bodies are unable to lose heat.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dehumidifiers improve the quality of life by stabilising the quality of air in the surroundings. Being a luxurious item, most customers are not concerned with the price attached to the appliance. On the contrary, they focus more on the quality of service that they experience from it. A company wishing to enter into this market must carefully evaluate the quality of the appliances that it can produce. However, it is important to note that the dehumidifier is not a preserve of the wealthy in the society (Haines 2009). Most middle class families also purchase this item. In developed countries, the appliances are common in most households. To effectively serve the needs of the various market segments, it is paramount to produce dehumidifiers of varying quality and prices. Dehumidifiers have also been found to help ease the people’s way of life. With the use of the appliance, laundry can dry at a faster rate since the air in the surrounding is not saturated with moisture. Through the use of the dehumidifier, foodstuffs, such as cereals, can be better preserved through drying. The absence of excessive moisture ensures that the growth of pathogenic microbes, such as moulds and aflatoxin, is prevented. The ideal level of moisture in the atmosphere is usually below 50 percent. Preferably, relative humidity should range between 30 and 50 percent. In case of lower temperatures, the air is said to be dry (Haines 2009). Dehumidifiers are commonly used for health reasons. As stated earlier, the accumulation of moisture in the atmosphere causes leads to musty odours. The dumpiness resulting from the moisture supports the growth of pathogens. Bacteria flourish in such environments, predisposing the population to a wide range of diseases. As a result, health practitioners, especially those specialising in respiratory problems, encourage their clients to purchase the appliance. High humidity also leads to the growth of mould, which is a major cause of food poisoning toda y. Health practitioners have also discovered that body moisture that remains on the skin following perspiration as a result of high humidity may lead to loss of sleep. High humidity has also been found to encourage the growth of woodlice, cloth moths, dust mites, cockroaches, and fleas. The organisms are vectors for most microbial diseases. The realisation by the members of the community that the appliance will not only improve their quality of life, but also help promote their health, has helped expand the humidifier market across the globe (Kalb 1992). As stated above, the importance of the dehumidifiers cannot be underestimated. As a result, the demand for these appliances has increased over the years. The sales of dehumidifiers have also gone up over the past few decades. In Korea, the sales of these gadgets have grown from 40,000 units in 2009 to 1.5 million in 2013. Samsung, one of the world’s leading manufacturers of dehumidifiers, reported a 631 percent growth in the sales of the appliances in the period between January and May 2013 (Funk 2014). The statistics serves as evidence that the market is viable for the company reviewed in this report. Many companies are moving in to exploit the opportunities available in this market. The organisation should not be left out in this quest. As the population becomes more aware of the reasons necessitating the purchase of the appliances, the demand is likely to go even higher (Nassar Lupien 2004). The company should be effectively positioned to exploit the opportunity in the coming fiscal year. Action Plan with Timescales Following an evaluation of the dehumidifier market, the project manager recommended to the board of directors for the company to enter into the new segment. The various departments involved in the project were notified in order to ensure that the adoption process goes on smoothly (Chakravarthy Krishnamoorthi 2013). As the manager, I requested for a team of four individuals who would hel p in the formulation of the action plan. The team is to be comprised of individuals from various departments in the company. More specifically, the team members will be drawn from the finance, human resource, production, and sales departments. The four are specialists in their various fields and have in the past participated in similar projects implemented by the company. Each of the members is expected to represent the interests of their department. Prior to making key decisions, the heads of the departments will be consulted in order to ensure that the project succeeds (Chakravarthy 2001). One of the major reasons why the team members were selected from the various departments is to ease the process of lobbying the sections to support the decisions of the team. As the project manager, I will be required to coordinate all the activities of the team and report to the board of directors on the progress achieved. In order realise the goals set for the project in venturing into the deh umidifier market, the team will be required to come up with an action plan. The plan will be composed of the steps that are to be followed to achieve the set objectives (Chary 2009). In the plan, all the resources required for the successful completion of the project are clarified. As such, it will serve as the blueprint to be followed by the project manager. The main goal of the project will also be broken down into smaller and better manageable milestones. The milestones are to be evaluated using SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time based) guidelines. Timelines to be adhered to are also to be realistic and attainable in the event that all goes well for the team as planned (Trott 2008). All the team members are required to do their best to ensure that the timelines are met. The action plan for the company’s entry into the dehumidifier market will be broken down into five major parts. The sections involve initiation, planning, execution, control, and c losure. The tasks are to be carried out in this specific order to ensure that activities are executed in a systematic manner. Execution Proposal As stated earlier, initiation is the first step of the project. During the initiation process, the proposed venture will be evaluated once more and additional recommendations made. The project charter will then be developed. The charter will entail all the stakeholders involved in the realisation of the plan. In this case, the stakeholders will be the company’s shareholders, the board, the competitors, and the customers (Stratten 2012). The needs and possible concerns of each and every group of stakeholders will be evaluated. The project charter will then be submitted to the board for further assessment. Once the board has evaluated it, the members may decide to go ahead and endorse the plan or oppose it. In this case, the project manager will present a strong case to the board prompting the approval of the charter. The team will the n embark on the second phase of the project, which is planning. Once the project has been endorsed, it will be up to the project manager to start planning for its implementation. The first step will be to formulate a scope statement. During planning, the project manager will work in collaboration with the heads of departments in order to help them provide a specialist who has worked in similar projects before (Thompson 2007). Consultations with the heads of departments will also ensure that the team members are exempted from their every day jobs and responsibilities in the company until the project is completed. The project team will then hold a kick-off meeting (Benyus 2009). In the meeting, the project plan will be developed and discussed. The plan is to be in line with the objectives of the project. Timelines will also be specified in order to ensure that the team remains objectives. The proposal will then be passed on to the departments involved in the implementation of the proj ect. The departments are finance, human resource, production, and sales. The purpose for this is to make the plan as realistic as possible (Steffen 2008). The heads of department will be expected to give their concerns regarding the plan and suggest changes where needed. The final stage of planning will involve submission of the plan to the board of directors. Since they mark the authority of the company, they will approve the plan. They may also decide to suggest changes to the project team. Once the plan has been approved, the venture will progress to the next stage, which involves execution. At the start of the execution process, a meeting will be convened. Here, team members will get an opportunity to discuss what they expect to encounter. Based on the plan, an estimated budget will have been prepared. The finance department will be required to release the necessary funds in order for the project to kick off. The team will then start the procurement process (Papanek 1992). Other companies that deal with the installation of dehumidifier manufacturing plants will be invited for the tendering process. The suppliers of the building materials will also be expected to tender their offers to the project team. Since professionals dealing with the production of dehumidifiers will also be required, the project team is requires to identify firms offering such services (Poli 2001). The offers will then be examined to identify which firms will offer goods and services in the most cost effective and convenient manner. After the procurement process is over, the installation of the necessary structures will commence. It is expected that the finance department will provide all the necessary funding in order to ensure the success of the project. The human resource department will also be expected to provide the team with a professional workforce whenever need arose (Ferrara 2012). The department will also be required to train workers on how to manufacture dehumidifiers. Tra ining of the existing workforce is considered to be more beneficial to the company since it will be able to retain its already existing workforce. Hiring of new workers is also expensive to the company (Mayo 2010). Production will then kick off shortly afterwards. At the beginning, it will be done on a small-scale basis. The company can then gradually increase on its level of production. The amount of units manufactured within a given duration of time will depend on the ability of the marketing department to ensure that those that are produced are adequately distributed and promoted. As such, close collaboration will be required between the production and the marketing department while making decisions on the level of production (Roberts 2011). Once the implementation of the project has kicked off, the team will proceed to the next stage which is control. Once the project has become operational, it is important that the team carries out a number of activities aimed at improving on t he efficiency of production (Benyus 2009). It is important to note that the entry into the new market involves a great deal of changes for the company. As such, a lot of capital will be required in order for the dehumidifier sector to be fully operational. A lot of costs will also be incurred (Simmons 2002). Good management is therefore paramount. For the new venture to be of economic value, the revenues generated must exceed the costs. It is important for the project team to therefore track revenues and costs (Fuad-Luke 2009). The evaluation will be done by the finance department and report tabled to the board of directors as an indication of the company’s progress. The members of staff who are working in the new sector will also be monitored closely to ensure that they are in a position to steer production in the right direction. Once the product is already in the market, it will be important to monitor the response of customers to the introduction of the new dehumidifiers. The main purpose of the monitoring of the customer service issues will be to ensure that the product fully satisfies the needs of the customers (Tavares, Cardoso Dias 2010). The team will then be required to hold the project status meeting with the main aim being to brief the board on the progress that has been achieved. The team will also be required to monitor the progress of the new sector and identify potential risk areas. Mitigation measures will therefore need to be put in place. Once the project is running smoothly, the final stage of the execution process, closure will start. During closure, it will be important for the project team to conduct an audit. The project manager will be required to work in collaboration with the head of the finance department in order to ensure that an auditor is availed to the project team (Usero Fernandez 2009). The team will also be required to document all the progress that has been achieved during the execution process. Lessons learn are a lso to be documented. The documentation process will help the company achieve sustainability in the new sector since all the strengths and weaknesses of the company in regard to the new sector will be known. Documentation also allows for future reference. It is believed that documents are also an important decision making tool. The records will be constantly updated as new information surfaces. The project will by then have gained formal acceptance within all departments in the company (Tomovic 2009). The board of directors will also have formally identified the newly created sector as one of its divisions. Funding for the maintenance of the dehumidifier manufacturing will therefore be often allocated. As such, the manufacture of the dehumidifiers will be given special attention just like that of refrigeration appliances. All records are also to be stored safely in the company’s achieves to ensure that they are safe and can be easily retrieved in case they are needed in futur e. A timescale will also be included in the project plan to ensure that a specific schedule is adhered to (Tomovic 2009). The timescale will also be an indication of the progress that has been achieved. It will also form a basis for the evaluation of the team’s success (Lefteri 2006). The timescales are not to be changed unless there is when it is considered to be very necessary for the team. The timescale is as follows. The project is to commence on the 1st of September 2014. The project team will only be required to work within the normal working days, Monday to Friday. The plan will also provide allowances for a few days to prevent the team from lagging behind schedule. The schedule is presented below: Table 1: Schedule D Task Name Levelling Delay Duration Start Finish Resources 1 Initiation 0 Days 0 days Mon1/9/14 Mon 1/9/14 2 Evaluation Recommendations 0 Days 1 day Wen 3/9/14 Wen 3/9/14 3 Develop project charter 0 Days 2 day Thurs 4/9/14 Friday 5/9/14 Project Team 4 Deliverable: Submit Project Charter to the board of directors 0 Days 0.3 days Mon 8/9/14 Mon 8/9/14 Project Team 5 Project Sponsors (The board of directors, through the finance department) Reviews Project Charter 0 Days 1 days Tue 9/9/14 Tue 9/9/14 Sponsor 6 Project Charter Signed/ Approved 0 Days 0.3 days Wen 10/9/14 Wen 10/9/14 Sponsor 7 Planning 0 Days 1 day Thurs 11/9/14 Thurs 11/9/14 Project Team 8 Creating Scope Statement 0 Days 1 day Friday 12/9/14 Friday 12/9/14 Project Team 9 Determining Project Team 0 Days 1 day Mon 15/9/14 Mon 15/9/14 Project Manager 10 Project Team Kickoff Meeting 0 Days 1 day Thurs 18/9/14 Thurs 18/9/14 Project Team 11 Develop Project Plan 0 Days 1 day Friday 19/9/14 Friday 19/9/14 Project Team 12 Subject Project Plan to Evaluation 0 Days 1 day Fri 20/9/14 Fri 20/9/14 Project Team 13 Project Plan Approved 0 Days 0.3 days Tue 23/9/14 Tue 23/9/14 Project Team 14 Execution 0 Days 0 days Tue 23/9/14 Tue 23/9/14 15 Project Ki ckoff Meeting 0 Days 1 day Thurs 25/9/14 Thurs 25/9/14 Project Team 16 Initiate the Procurement process. 0 Days 3 weeks Mon 29/9/14 Friday 17/10/14 Project Team 17 Making Installations 0 Days 5 Months Mon 20/10/14 Friday 20/3/15 18 Training Staff 0 Days 2 weeks Mon 23/3/15 Fri 3/4/15 Project Team 19 Funding from the Finance Department 0 Days 0.3 days Mon 6/4/15 Mon 6/4/15 Project Team 20 Production of Dehumidifiers commences 0 Days 0.1 days Mon 6/4/15 Mon 6/4/15 Project Team 21 Distribution of the Dehumidifiers 0 Days 0.05 days Mon 6/4/15 Mon 6/4/15 22 Commencement of Product Promotion of the Dehumidifiers 0 Days 0.05 days Mon 6/4/15 Mon 6/4/15 23 Control 0 Days 0 days Mon 13/4/15 Mon 13/4/15 24 Project Management 0 Days 0 days Mon 13/4/15 Mon 13/4/15 Project Manager 25 Revenue Cost Tracking 0 Days 2 days Wen 15/4/15 Thurs 16/4/15 Project Team 26 Staff Monitoring 0 Days 2 days Mon 20/4/15 Tue 21/4/15 Project Team 27 Customer Services Issues 0 Days 1 day Wen 22/4/15 Wen 22/4/15 Project Team 28 Project Status Meeting 0 Days 1 day Fri 24/4/15 Fri 24/4/15 Project Team 29 Risk Management 0 Days 2 days Mon 27/4/15 Tue 28/4/15 Project Team 30 Monitoring and Mitigation Measures 0 Days 0.05 days Wen 29/4/15 Wen 29/4/15 Project Team 31 Closure 0 Days 0.1 days Wen 29/4/15 Wen 29/4/15 32 Audit 0 Days 2 days Mon 4/5/15 Tue 5/5/15 33 Document Lessons Learned 0 Days 0.5 days Thurs 7/5/15 Thurs 7/5/15 Project Team 34 Update records and files 0 Days 3 days Mon 11/5/15 Wen 13/5/15 Project Team 35 Gain Formal Acceptance 0 Days 2 days Thurs 14/5/15 Friday 15/5/15 36 Record and Store Data Safely 0 Days 1 day Mon 18/5/15 Mon 18/5/15 Project Team Production Production refers to the process in which various inputs, both material and immaterial, are handled to come up with the desired output. Production can also refer to economic means through which human wants are satisfied resulting from the consumption of the commodities produce d (Chary 2009). In this case, the dehumidifiers produced should have the ability to improve the well being of the customers. As such, the company should put in place measures to improve on the efficiency of the appliance. However, it should consider the current regulations touching on the manufacture of such appliances (Kelley Littman 2006). Rules set aside by regulatory agencies should also be adhered to. Since dehumidifiers use refrigeration gas, their manufacture is regulated by organisations that seek to reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses. Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) is a multi trillion organisation that seeks to expose the levels of greenhouse emissions emanating from some of the world’s largest corporate. The aim of the organisation is to ensure that corporate are socially responsible and adhere to environmental conservation calls (Zheng Possel-Dolken 2002). In order for the company to succeed in the new market, corporate social responsibility is of great im portance (Salkeld 2011). There are five CDP programs, investor CDP, CDP public procurement, CDP water disclosure, CDP supply chain, and CDP cities. Investor CDP helps investors move to economies with lower carbon emission. The company wishing to enter the dehumidifier market must be viewed to be environmental friendly to be allowed to expand its operations in foreign jurisdictions (Kalb 1992). Based on CDP public procurement program, governments are able to identify corporate that are not environmental friendly. It will therefore be in the best interest of the company to abide to the set regulations. CDP water disclosure encourages corporate to use water in a manner that is sustainable. Dehumidifiers are used to extract water from the atmosphere. The water must then be discarded after the collecting container has been filled up. The water should be disposed in a responsible manner to prevent pollution. CDP supply chain advocates for collective purchasing to reduce wastage of power a nd resources (Yim 2007). The company wishing to enter the dehumidifier market can use these avenues to obtain inputs and distribute outputs in a cost effective and environmental friendly manner. The CDP cities program help provide data about emissions in major urban areas in a standardised manner (Brown Katz 2009). Cities with higher emissions discourage the entry into markets associated with high emissions. The information is vital for a company seeking to enter the dehumidifier market since it is associated with the emission of high levels of greenhouse gasses (Bellgran Safsten 2010). Product Realisation in the Market Product realisation refers to the attainment of the product that is sought by a business. The term is also used to refer to the process that a firm needs to undergo in order to produce their final product. For the case of the company, product realisation will be the successful manufacture of the dehumidifier appliances (Poli 2001). For the company to successfully a chieve their set goal, manufacture of the dehumidifiers, they must first adequately prepare for it. The company must first evaluate the market that they wish to enter (Chakravarthy 2001). Evaluation of the market helps a business to have a clear understanding of the market and its aspects, such as customer characteristics, competitors, and the nature of the market. It is also important to formulate an action plan in order to ensure that the working of the team is systematic (Demeyer, Pich Loch 2013). Timelines must also be indicated in order to guide the process. In most cases, proposals are also prepared in order to give the stakeholders a clear picture of the work that is ahead of them (McDonough Braungart 2002). Post Market Launch Checks Post market launch checks are carried out by any given company to check the relevance, attractiveness and the awareness of its brand soon after its launch (Hague 2003). A number of factors affect the position of a given commodity in the market. One of these issues entails the offer. In this case, the success of the company is anchored on a number of elements. The elements include, among others, value for money. Line extensions, re-launches and new developments are some of the major ways that need to be used to improve and consolidate position of the product in the market (Brownell 2010). Reliable and authenticated information about the product market and the new status of the launched brand, including that of the most active competitors are early indicators for a very strategic market planning (Demeyer et al. 2013). The company should focus on the quality of the products. The company needs to apply three main post launch market research instruments to ascertain some of the most important market data (Trott 2005). The three instruments include product quick check, product performance tracking and brand trend monitor (Phillips 2011). For an effective and quick clarification of product success, just before the companyâ€℠¢s panel data can successfully determine whether or not the product launch is going well, the product quick check procedure gives the company clarity about its product attractiveness and its potential reservations in the market (Stelzner 2011). The company should also use the product performance tracking instrument to aid in understanding some of the major changes in the active market and also in giving the company an idea on the best ways to manage product launch or re-launch process (Funk 2014). Finally, the organisation should keep track of the major developments of its product with regards to awareness among target customers. It is necessary for the company to realise that this approach gives clarity on how the attractiveness of its product is developing (Stratten 2012). Conclusion Dehumidifiers are common household devices. They are used to reduce the levels of humidity in the atmosphere. Following an evaluation carried out by the project manager, it is clear that the dehumidif ier market is viable, especially for companies that deal in refrigeration appliances. Dehumidifiers and refrigerators are similar given that they both use the cooling effect to perform their functions. A company manufacturing refrigeration appliances is well suited for the production of dehumidifiers. However, the management should plan adequately before entering into the new market. They should also formulate an action plan with timelines to be followed. A proposal to act as the blueprint for the real project is also required. References Bellgran, M Safsten, K 2010, Production development: design and operation of production systems, Springer, London. Benyus, J 2009, Biomimicry innovation inspired by nature, HarperCollins, London. Brown, T Katz, B 2009, Change by design: how design thinking can transform organisations and inspire innovation, HarperCollins Publishers, New York. Brownell, B 2010, Transmaterial 3: a catalogue of materials that redefine our physical environment, Princ eton Architectural Press, New York. Chakravarthy, B Krishnamoorthi, J 2013, Innovation by design: lessons from post box design development, Springer India, Mumbai. 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The Invention of the Atomic Bomb

The Invention of the Atomic Bomb During World War II, American physicists and engineers began a race against Nazi Germany to develop the first  atomic bomb. Their secret endeavor, which lasted from 1942 to 1945, was known as the Manhattan Project. The project led to the invention of nuclear weapons, including two that were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing or injuring over 200,000 people. These attacks forced Japan to surrender and brought an end to World War II, but they also marked a crucial turning point in the early Atomic Age, raising enduring questions about the implications of nuclear warfare. What Was the Manhattan Project? The Manhattan Project was named for Columbia University in Manhattan, New York, one of the initial sites of atomic study in the United States.  While the research took place at several secret sites across the U.S., much of it, including the first atomic tests, took place near Los Alamos, New Mexico. During the project, the U.S. military teamed up with the best minds of the scientific community. Military operations were headed by Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves, and  J. Robert Oppenheimer  acted as the scientific director, overseeing the project from concept to reality. In total, the Manhattan Project cost the U.S. over two billion dollars over just four years. A Race Against the Germans In 1938, German scientists discovered fission, which occurs when the nucleus of an atom breaks into two equal parts. This reaction releases neutrons that break up more atoms, causing a chain reaction. Since significant energy is released in only millionths of a second, it was thought that fission could cause an explosive chain reaction of considerable force inside a uranium bomb. Due to the war, a number of scientists emigrated from Europe and brought with them news of this discovery. In 1939, Leo Szilard and other American and recently emigrated scientists tried to warn the U.S. government about this new danger- but were not able to get a response. Szilard contacted and met with  Albert Einstein, one of the best-known scientists of the day. Einstein was a devoted pacifist and was at first reluctant to contact the government. He knew that he would be asking them to work toward creating a weapon that could potentially kill millions of people. However, Einstein was eventually swayed by concerns that Nazi Germany would develop the weapon first. The Advisory Committee on Uranium On August 2, 1939, Einstein wrote a now-famous letter to  President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It outlined both the potential uses of an atomic bomb and ways to help support American scientists in their research. In response, President Roosevelt created the Advisory Committee on Uranium in October 1939. Based on the recommendations of the committee, the U.S. government outlaid $6,000 to buy graphite and uranium oxide for research. Scientists believed that graphite might be able to slow down a chain reaction, thus keeping the bombs energy somewhat in check. Despite immediate action being taken, progress was slow until one fateful event brought the reality of war to American shores. The Development of the Bomb On December 7, 1941, the  Japanese military bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan the next day and officially entered WWII. With the country at war and the realization that the United States was now three years behind Nazi Germany, President Roosevelt was ready to seriously support U.S. efforts to create an atomic bomb. Costly experiments began at the University of Chicago, U.C. Berkeley, and Columbia University in New York. Reactors were built in Hanford, Washington, and Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Oak Ridge, known as The Secret City, was also the site of a massive uranium enrichment laboratory and plant. Researchers worked simultaneously at all of the sites. Harold Urey and his Columbia University colleagues built an extraction system based on gaseous diffusion. At the University of California in Berkley, the inventor of the Cyclotron, Ernest Lawrence, used his knowledge and skills to devise a process for magnetically separating the  uranium-235 (U-235) and plutonium-239 (Pu-239) isotopes. Research kicked into high gear in 1942. On December 2, at the University of Chicago,  Enrico Fermi  created the very first successful chain reaction, in which atoms were split in a controlled environment. This accomplishment gave renewed vigor to the hopes that an atomic bomb was possible. The Manhattan Project had another priority that soon became clear. It was becoming too dangerous and difficult to develop nuclear weapons at these scattered universities and towns. Scientists needed an isolated laboratory away from the populace. In 1942, Oppenheimer suggested the remote area of Los Alamos, New Mexico. General Groves approved the site and construction began at the end of that year. Oppenheimer became the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory, which would be known as â€Å"Project Y. Scientists continued to work diligently, but it took until 1945 to produce the first nuclear bomb. The Trinity Test When President Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945, Vice President  Harry S. Truman  became the 33rd President of the United States. Until then, Truman had not been told of the Manhattan Project, but he was quickly briefed on the secrets of the atomic bomb development. That summer, a test bomb codenamed The Gadget was taken to the New Mexico desert, to a location known as Jornada del Muerto, Spanish for Journey of the Dead Man. The test was given the codename â€Å"Trinity,† a name chosen by Oppenheimer in reference to a poem by John Donne. Having never tested anything of this magnitude before, everyone was anxious. While some scientists feared a dud, others feared the end of the world. No one knew what to expect. At 5:30 a.m. on July 16, 1945, scientists, army personnel, and technicians donned special goggles to watch the beginning of the Atomic Age. The bomb was dropped. There was a forceful flash, a wave of heat, a stupendous shock wave, and a mushroom cloud that extended 40,000 feet into the atmosphere. The tower from which the bomb was dropped was completely disintegrated and thousands of yards of surrounding desert sand was turned into a radioactive glass of a brilliant jade green color. The bomb was a success. Reactions to the First Atomic Test The bright light from the Trinity test would stand out in the minds of everyone who was within even hundreds of miles of the site that morning. Residents in neighborhoods far away would say the sun rose twice that day. A blind girl 120 miles from the site said she saw the flash as well. The men who created the bomb were astonished, too. Physicist Isidor Rabi expressed worry that mankind had become a threat and upset the equilibrium of nature. The test brought to Oppenheimers mind a line from the Bhagavad Gita: Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds. Test director Ken Bainbridge told Oppenheimer, Now were all sons of bitches. The unease among many of the witnesses that day led some to sign petitions. They argued that this terrible thing they had created could not be let loose in the world. Their protests were ignored. The Atomic Bombs That Ended WWII Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, two months before the successful Trinity test. However, Japan refused to surrender, despite threats from President Truman that terror would fall from the sky. The war had lasted six years and involved most of the globe. It had resulted in the deaths of 61 million people and the displacement of countless others. The last thing the U.S. wanted was a ground war with Japan- so the decision was made to drop an atomic bomb. On August 6, 1945, a uranium bomb named â€Å"Little Boy† (named for its relatively small size) was  dropped on Hiroshima, Japan  by the Enola Gay. Robert Lewis, co-pilot of the B-29 bomber, wrote in his journal moments later, My God, what have we done? traumlichtfabrik / Getty Images The target of Little Boy was the Aioi Bridge, which spanned the Ota River. At 8:15 that morning the bomb was dropped, and by 8:16 over 66,000 people near ground zero were already dead. Some 69,000 more were injured, most burned or suffering from radiation sickness, from which many would later die. This single atomic bomb produced absolute devastation. It left a total vaporization zone of one-half mile in diameter. The total destruction area extended to one mile, while the impact of a severe blast was felt for two miles. Anything that was flammable within two and a half miles was burned, and blazing infernos were seen up to three miles away. On August 9, 1945, after Japan had still refused to surrender, a second bomb was dropped. It was a plutonium bomb named â€Å"Fat Man† after its round shape. The bombs target was the city of Nagasaki, Japan. Over 39,000 people were killed and 25,000 injured. Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, bringing an end to World War II. Aftermath The deadly impact of the atomic bomb was immediate, but the effects would last for decades. The fallout caused radioactive particles to rain on the injured Japanese people who had survived the blast, and more lives were lost to the effects of radiation poisoning. Survivors of these bombs would also pass radiation on to their descendants. The most prominent example is an alarmingly high rate of leukemia cases among their children. The bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki revealed the true destructive power of these weapons. Though countries throughout the world have continued to develop nuclear weapons, there have also been movements to promote nuclear disarmament, and anti-nuclear treaties have been signed by major world powers.

A Critique of Personality Fit in NASCAR Assignment

A Critique of Personality Fit in NASCAR - Assignment Example (1), Pp. 25-35. The study was carried out in an attempt to determine whether the personality fit between the drivers of NASCAR and their major sponsors affects the outcome of consumer attitudes in terms of sponsorships to the sponsor. The study also intended to determine whether the consumer attitudes towards the brand and the purchase intentions are affected by the personality fit between drivers and their sponsors. A literature review on NASCAR was carried out and it was noted that all fans of NASCAR normally choose their favourite driver based on the driver’s personality. It was also noted that the drivers are normally used as brand endorsers and they normally represent the brands of their sponsors. The review also notes that the drivers are normally branded with the brand name of their sponsors in that their uniforms, helmets and their cars bear the names of the brands. A theoretical framework was also presented in relation to event sponsorship and celebrity endorsements. The hypothesis adopted by the researchers is related to the congruence theory and they noted that people are more likely to process, store and remember information if it is related to information they have seen before. The hypothesis used in this study suggests that the response of customers to advertisements or sponsorships is significantly affected by the similarity of the endorser and the brand personality.

Socrates vs Confucius Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Socrates vs Confucius - Essay Example The difference in the attitude towards the means of solving the issues disturbing society came out of the peculiarities if historical preconditions and the period they lived in. Both Socrates and Confucius at the time of significant social changes accompanied by frequent wars, as well as society demoralization and political perturbations. Socrates witnessed florescence of Greece as Pericles was in reign, as well as did he see its overwhelming defeat in the Peloponnesian wars and severe rule of the Thirty Tyrants. Confucius lived at the time when the traditional slave-owning system was on the verge of decline while various political powers were fighting for power. All these factors lead to crises, and the philosophers tried to find a way to understand them and their origins and tackle them mending the social structure. Basically, this was the main common aim of Socrates and Confucius.The principal difference between them lay in the way they chose to treat the issue. The view on human nature and morality is considered to be theoretical basis of their teachings. Socrates shifted focus from speculations about the afterlife, the gods and the nature to meditation on how to live in this world. He saw the solution of a problem in reason. Reason is what can open the essence of a â€Å"paragon† for order; what we wish to create should be first developed in our mind. Socrates’ famous admonition â€Å"Know thyself† implies the importance of knowledge in human affairs.

America, the cold war, Reagan and the state of the country Essay

America, the cold war, Reagan and the state of the country - Essay Example It has a number of financial issues, several wars, and a climate of partisan hostility in Washington, D.C. But for all its faults, it has many things going for it. It is still the world's number one military superpower, in large part due to the work done by Reagan to build up these forces. Militarily, America is second to none. There is no credible enemy that America could not beat. Sadly, several of the problems faced by America today—in particular financial ones—are the products of leaders who have not listened to Reagan's vision of economics. The current president has not done enough to tackle public sector unions, as President Reagan triumphantly did in the 1980s. These unions are bankrupting America. This is a serious problem that Reagan was able to solve twenty years ago, but which has come back for a new generation to solve. Ronald Reagan was one of the greatest presidents America has ever had. He did not solve every problem, but he put America back on its path t o glory, after Jimmy Carter nearly derailed the whole process. Reagan was a modest and intelligent man who knew what was best for the United States.

Allowing Mobile Devices In The Office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Allowing Mobile Devices In The Office - Essay Example Purpose The purpose of the report is to establish whether veteran affairs will allow or reject introduction of mobile device by offices. Summary has to be made on the different devices that can be allowed and their use in the organization. Scope The scope of introduction of mobile phones should extend to only those devices that are used in organizations. The devices mostly looked at are the mobile phones, laptops and tablets. The devices use should affect the working conditions of the workers. The devices covered are discussed below. Mobile phone Almost every worker in the office environment owns a mobile phone. Critiques argue allowing workers use their mobile phone in the office premises will lower productivity. These devices give voice and data communication ability. Their portability reason can allow easier location of workers. Businesses which allow workers to use their mobile phones have policy on which place to use devices. This reduces the possibility of workers making noise to others when talking on their mobile phones. The veteran affairs should set up locations where people can use their mobile phones in the offices. This will cut stress on worker and increasing on productivity (Anindya, 2007). Laptop and Notebooks These devices are almost replacing the desktop computers in the offices. Workers like them because of their high processing speed and flexibility. Modern laptops are blue tooth and Wi-Fi enabled. This enables them to connect to the institutions network. Use of personal laptops in the workplace should be controlled but not eliminated. The veteran affairs can set up policies on access limitation using these devices. People who would like to use these devices have to join the domain of the institution. This will enable them save every work carried... This paper approves that there is a greater assumption that after introduction of mobile devices in different offices workers will follow principles that will be laid down by the veteran authority. The introduction of mobile devices in the organization will require change of infrastructure to accommodate them. It is assumed organizations will have financial capability to buy this technology. In reality most organizations work with a constrained budget which would not allow them make any provision for such changes. Managers are the most influential people in organization. Manager’s refusal to take up the new technology will lead to juniors rejecting introduction of the new technology. The assumption is that they will accept the technology without any resistance. Workers comfort ability plays a major role in their production. Providing workers with the most recent technology in their working place increases their optimism. The optimistic atmosphere making them feels the need of being associated with the institution. Workers who are using portable devices feel as if no one is watching. This report makes a conclusion that there are many benefits associated with portable device. These benefits make it necessary to introduce them in the working environment. The veteran affairs should allow their use but with some limitation to eradicate misuse. Focus on improving working conditions of workers and service delivery to the public. The other measure is educating workers on the benefit of using those devices in the right way. Education will cut resistance from worker because of change in the working environment.

History rock and roll Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History rock and roll - Essay Example This was caused by the featuring of catchy grooves, hand-clapping, impulsive body moves and improvisational elements that swept all through. Sly& the Family Stone caught all lively and musical trends, resulting to a blend of Soul, Rock and Funk. The group has not only produce for, but also performed with black and white musicians just like Motown had incorporated white music into black radio stations. Sly and the Family Stone were driven by many cultural influences including Motown Sound among others. Sly had a short peak period, the least among its kind, falling both in value and critically. It was somewhat reported to be caused by rhythmically loose songs (Geels 1429). Brian Wilson postulates of his inspiration to make the record originating from the Beatles â€Å"Rubber Soul†, which presented the peak of his wave. Additionally, he successfully employed the use of inspiration from across to create a brilliant piece of amazing pop- Pet Sounds. Smiley Smile was a masterpiece, following suit like Pet Sounds- a contemporary classical that swept through, following the same

Is prehospital paramedic pain assessment effective Essay

Is prehospital paramedic pain assessment effective - Essay Example This paper was able to establish that pain assessment is favoured by some practitioners because it can reduce the patient’s trauma and anxiety, making him more relaxed and easier to assess for other symptoms. Pain assessment is not favoured by some practitioners because it is often inaccurate. It is also subjective, depending on the paramedic’s assessment of the patient. Some patients may not verbalize their pain, and others may exaggerate their pain experience. Nevertheless, pain assessment in the prehospital setting can be made on a case- to-case basis, depending on the physical environment, on the condition of the patient, and on the other symptoms being manifested by the patient. The paramedic responding to an emergency may find the patient in varying states of pain, consciousness, and anxiety. The paramedic is obligated to render emergency care to such patient; such care primarily includes interventions to assess and ease the airway, breathing, and circulation of the patient. Pain assessment during this time is still a controversial matter. While some practitioners believe that pain assessment during the prehospital setting is appropriate and ultimately beneficial to the patient, others do not agree. Opponents to pain assessment in the prehospital setting believe that such assessment will only cause delay in the care of the patient, and the process will ultimately yield inaccurate results. This paper shall address and review this controversy by assessing studies and reports written on the subject matter. Such studies shall be searched through index searches in library materials (books, magazines, and journals). Key words such as paramedic, pain assessment, and prehospital shall be used in the index search. The same key words shall also be entered through internet browsing using the Google search engine. The NCBI, Medscape, BMJ, NHS, DOH, NICE, and such other relevant databases shall also be searched in the hope of uncovering relevant

History rock and roll Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History rock and roll - Essay Example This was caused by the featuring of catchy grooves, hand-clapping, impulsive body moves and improvisational elements that swept all through. Sly& the Family Stone caught all lively and musical trends, resulting to a blend of Soul, Rock and Funk. The group has not only produce for, but also performed with black and white musicians just like Motown had incorporated white music into black radio stations. Sly and the Family Stone were driven by many cultural influences including Motown Sound among others. Sly had a short peak period, the least among its kind, falling both in value and critically. It was somewhat reported to be caused by rhythmically loose songs (Geels 1429). Brian Wilson postulates of his inspiration to make the record originating from the Beatles â€Å"Rubber Soul†, which presented the peak of his wave. Additionally, he successfully employed the use of inspiration from across to create a brilliant piece of amazing pop- Pet Sounds. Smiley Smile was a masterpiece, following suit like Pet Sounds- a contemporary classical that swept through, following the same

The war at sea Essay Example for Free

The war at sea Essay Despite this fact they were only a side show to the Western Front. Aeroplanes were significant to the war effort as they brought glamour and gave cvillians and soldiers on the Western front hope as well as heros to believe in. This boosted the morale of the nation and helped the war at sea, on the home Front and on the Western Front. The Home Front: The war of 1914-1918 was the first war thathad an impact on everyone. No longer did a war involve sopldiers or men in the armed forces alone. Helpless civilians were also affected. The first world War touched everyone at some point throughout its duration, and people who lived in cities were the victims of bombardments by enemy planes. The First World War was the fist time that blackouts were introduced, this was so German planes would not know when they were opver a city. The alarm would sound and everyone would take cover intheir bomb shelters until a second alarm sounded to say it was safe to come out. When the war started Britain had only a small professional army. The government decided to invest a lot of money into advertsing aspects of the war; fighting for ones country and trying to encourage patriotsm. Posters and leaflets were plastered everywhere to promote and encourage recruitment to the armed forces. Propoganda was vital to ensure men signed up. The British press reinforced the governments recruitment drive with tales of German atrocities such as the murder of babies and nurses and the raping of HELPLESS WOME. One of the most popular stories of the time was that of German factories making soap from boiled corpses. The campaign to enrol men was very succesfull and by 1916 over 2 million had enlisted. In 1916 the government introduced conscription for men between the ages of 16 and 40 for the first time. This was due to many reasons; the number of men volunteering for the war was dropping, the lower classes were conscribing which was crippling the agricultural system whilst the upper classes did not volunteer. The war effort was only attracting certain people and it was felt by most that not all men were playing their part. Conscription meant that everyone, from all walks of life, helped their country. Not everyone agreed with conscription, many members of parliament voted against it. Others did not go to war due to political or religious beliefs. They were called conscientious objectors or conchies. They had to appear in front of a tribunal to prove that they had valid reasons. If not they were often put in prison where they were badly treated. Some chonchies helped at the front as stretcher bearers; these men had a life expectancy of about 3 days. In 1914 the government introduced DORA this stood for the defence of the Realem Act. This gave the government a wide range of powers, some of which included censership of what the publicfopund out about the wa and what enemy countries found out about the allies, thus ensuring no piece of information got into the wrong hands. The government was able to use any building as part of the war effort and to take over various industries including the coal industry, ensuring that business men did not profit from production. In 1915 the munitions crisis occurred due to the stalemate on the Western Front as armament and weapons were running out. Men had to train with wooden sticks as there were insufficient rifles to equip each man. The bombardment of enemy trenches could not continue if there were no shells. Some soldiers were only allowed to use 3 rounds of shot per day. The situation was looking dire for the government at this time. The daily male put the national scandal into circulation and as a result a coalition government was formed so that all parties could work together. Lollyd George was made Minister of Munitions. One of the initial problems of the munitions crisis was that too many skilled young workers had gone to war in search of better pay. The government had to recall many of these men. Another key constituent of Llyod Georges plan was to introduce women to the work force. In 1915 100,000 women enlisted for work however only 5,000 of these got jobs. The unions were worried that when women took the jobs they would dilute the salary of the mens jobs. Llyod George clearly ststed that women would earn the same amount as men and that their jobs would be complete when the war was over. Many women worked in the munitions factories and by 1915 the situation had improved and helped all fronts. It is recognised that without the assistance of the women the war would probably been lost. As men left for war an increasing number of women went into the professions usually dominated by men. Women went into all fields of work including ship, coal , steel, transport and agricultural (land girls) industries. However their made impactwas in the munitions factories. Here the women were in high risk jobs which affected both their skins and their lives. Toxic chemicals turned their skin yellow and they were often labelled canaries as a consequence. Women payed the ulimate price as many of the died of the cancer these toxic chemicals caused. In1917 women aged over 30 were given the right to vote. The war had help[ed the men of the country to realise that women were a part of a functioning Britain and that they to had a voice that needed to be heard. Asquith a former priminister, supported votes for women during the war although he had previously aposed this when in power. The attitude towards women and their role changed as a result of the war. Under DORA the government had the right to secure land and use it for farm production. In 1917 the government had a problem, there was a shortage of food. A quarter of British ships were being sunk by German U-boats in April and there was supposedly only six weeks of wheat left. As supplies ran low prices rose. Shops closed early as they ran out of food. Poorer families starved whilst the rich hoarded all of the food they could get their hands on. The government reacted in a variety of ways. The earnings of industry workers rose and in May 1917 voluntary rationing was introduced. The Royal family led the way by stating that hey were reducing their ingestion of bread and such products by 25%. Posters were designed to encourage economical consumption and in November the nine penny loaf was introduced. None of these measures were affective so in 1918 compulsary rationing was introduced for bread, sugar, meat, butter and beer. Each fam,ily was given a ration which was stamped when anything was bought. There were heavy fines for those whgo tried to break the rules. Rationing was welcomed by most and even improved the health of poorer people by the ne dof the war. The Defence of the Realm Act also controlled the news that flowed in and out of Britain. The british press was heavly censored and even the House of Commons was not always kept informed of the goings on at the Western Front. Journalists were banned from travelling with the troops in case stories were leaked to the British public, thus maintaining morale amongst civilians. In 1916 the british government had to overcome one of its greatest challenges, the filming of the battle of the Sommme. The battle had raged on and many lives had been lost for only a few square miles of land. The film sold out in cinemas all over the country. The footage was unique and showed dying soldiers, and men going over the top. The nation appreciated the tone of the film and although people were shocked they appreciated the films realism. The film was a huge success and saluted as a great piece of cinematography. For the government it achieved its aim by showing the public that despite the absurd and horrendous number of casualties, the war was a worthy cause. Propaganda was used to keep up morale as well as uniting all against the enemy. The Home Front was as important and as vital as the other fronts. It supplied the troops with munitions and the patriotism to convince those at home that their sacrifice was for a deserving cause. This would not have continued without the propoganda and the governments policy of protecting the public from hearing news that would destroy their trust. The Home Front was succesfull due to the efforts of many women who were able to show the men in power that they were as good as them. On a political the Home Front gave women confidence and a certain amount of admiration from the countries men. The war wopuld not have been won without this and was beneficial to the success of the Allies, but it also needed the help of the other three fronts to succeed. Western Front: When the war was first declaired in 1914 it was expected to be over by Christmas. The public thought that it wopuld revolve around gallant young men on horse back charging against the Germans and thus winning a lightning victory. They could not have been more wrong. As sson as war was declared the Germans put the Schlieffen Plan into operation. Their aim was to secure victory over France within six weeks and then turn their attention to Russia in the East. Al;l would have gone according to plan if Belgium had not put up such heroic resistance against Germany and delayed them. The German commander Moltke had also to send a 100,000 troops towards Russia who had mobalised more quickly than anticipated. The Germans were heading towards Paris but were held up quite dramatically by the British troops even though they outnumbered the British. The French launched a direct and grand attack on Germany but were halted by machine gun fire. The Germans gathered their troops and headed towards Paris. However the German troops advance too quickly and ran out of supplies, the German soldiers were also exhausted. The Allied troops desperately tried to save Paris without France, Britains chief Ally, the war would be over. The Germans decided not to advance on Paris and instead chose to go around and attack the French from behind. The French stopped the German advance on the river Marne but were unable to force them to retreat. By the 8th of September each side had dug in to protect themselves, using barbed wire, snipers and machine guns as a means of defence. These were the first signs of stalemate. This stalemate lasted until 1918 with millionsof lives lost and no land gained. The trenches stretched fro the sea in the North too the Alps in the South. The Germans launched several attacks on various Forts in Verdun and both sides resourced the battle. By 1916 700,000 men had been killed and then French were close to collapsing. To help the French the british led by Hague launched their offensive at the Somme, after a week of bombardment the British advanced. There were 57,000 casualties on the first day and by November 1. 5 million men had died. The atrocities of the battles of Verdun and the Somme were something the politicians and the public were unprepared for. Military leadership was criticised and Hague became known as a bad commander; a butcher who knew nothing about modern warfare. Hague was used to the old style of war and was not prepared dor the way things were in the new age of technology. At these battles new technology and tactics, like the introduction of tanks and creeping ambush, set a presedant for future wars. The Battles of Verdun and the Somme have sinced been recognised as a turning point in the war although at the time they were thought of as a complete disaster. In 1917 the Americans joined the war after the Germans declared unrestricted warfare on American ships suspected of carrying armaments for the Allies, although America maintained neutrality. The Germans accused the USA of having double standards. When the Germans tried to ally with mexico it was the last straw and America declared war on Germany on the 1st April 1917. Although this was good news the Americans did not arrive immediately in force and the French continued to struggle. Top make matters worse the Russians had made peace with the Germans in 1917 as a result of the Russian Revolution and the new communist regime. This was bad news for the Allies. It meant that Germany could now mobalise hundreds of thousands of troops from the Eastern to the Western Front. The German force increased as their army was no longer spread across Europe. A final attack was planned under the command of Lundenhoff. However the power of Germanys army had diminished as they were weak and tired. The troops were starved and their whole final offensive failed largely due to the malnurishment of the troops. Although the Germans had ended the stalemat it was the Allies who benefited. The Americans were sending troops at a rate of 50,000 men per month. The troop swere assisted by technologically advanced tanks, aeroplanes and improved artillery. In 1918 the Allied counter attack along the Western Front had reached the Hindenburg line and by October the Germans were in full retreat. When the November Armistice came into effect the Great War was finally over. The Western Front was considered the most important by some. The public views of The Western Front was far from reality. Letters from soldiers fighting on the front were censored and changed so that the image of the heroic battles the Allies were fighting were not destroyed by the truth. It was feared that if the truth were known it would result in havoc amongst the Allied Nations. Civillians new nothing about the terrible conditions of the trenches and propaganda made the war look muchmore glamerous than it really was News papers painted victorious pictures of trench war fare and the public new no better as this was the first technically advanced war ever. The film of The Battle of the Somme, changed that image and people became more aware of the tragedy of loss. Recruitment numbers reduced during the war which was why conscription was introduced. Each of the fronts played an important part in winning the war. The public viewed the Western Front as the only War Front as this was where most of the soldiers were sent, although others were sent to Gallipoli, The Balkans and the middle East. The Western Front had the most casualties which is why it will always be perceived as the most important. The war in the air was vital for surveillance, advancements in aviation and morale boosting. It gave the public something they could understand and belive in. The war at sea proved to be a turning point for the Allies. The Allies starved the Germans into surrendering, thus weakening them and rendering their last offensive unsuccesfull. The war at sea brought the Americans into the picture at a time when the Allies needed reinforcement. The Americans brought with them artillery, equipment and strong healthy men at a time when they were most needed. The war at sea also supplied the troops on various fronts with food and ammunitions so that they were as strong as circumstances would permit. The Home Front was the provider of men for enlistment, was the center for propaganda and made ammunitions and artillery to be used by the troops. DORA was introduced as part of the Home Front offensive to protect civilians and information, and brought women into action replacing the men who were away. The Home Front also provided nurses and kept the nation at Home running smoothly so that the men could return to an organised country at the end of the war. The Western front was where the fighting took place where thousands of men died and where some of the most heroic and dangerous battles ever took place. The men on the Western Front clearly had the hardest task with variable weather conditions and the dreaded over the top manoeuvre. It was also the most traumatic but it would not have succeded without the help and combination of the other three fronts. The Allied victory was due to an imalgamatoion of effort from all the fronts.